// For flags

CVE-2014-1447

libvirt: denial of service with keepalive

Severity Score

3.3
*CVSS v2

Exploit Likelihood

*EPSS

Affected Versions

*CPE

Public Exploits

1
*Multiple Sources

Exploited in Wild

-
*KEV

Decision

-
*SSVC
Descriptions

Race condition in the virNetServerClientStartKeepAlive function in libvirt before 1.2.1 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (libvirtd crash) by closing a connection before a keepalive response is sent.

Condición de carrera en la función virNetServerClientStartKeepAlive en libvirt anteriores a 1.2.1 permite a atacantes remotos causar denegación de servicio (caída de libvirtd) mediante el cierre de conexiones antes de que una respuesta keepalive sea enviada.

*Credits: N/A
CVSS Scores
Attack Vector
Adjacent
Attack Complexity
Low
Authentication
None
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
Partial
* Common Vulnerability Scoring System
SSVC
  • Decision:-
Exploitation
-
Automatable
-
Tech. Impact
-
* Organization's Worst-case Scenario
Timeline
  • 2014-01-14 CVE Reserved
  • 2014-01-18 CVE Published
  • 2015-02-22 First Exploit
  • 2023-07-21 EPSS Updated
  • 2024-08-06 CVE Updated
  • ---------- Exploited in Wild
  • ---------- KEV Due Date
CWE
  • CWE-362: Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
CAPEC
Affected Vendors, Products, and Versions
Vendor Product Version Other Status
Vendor Product Version Other Status <-- --> Vendor Product Version Other Status
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
<= 1.2.0
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version " <= 1.2.0"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.0.1
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.0.1"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.0.2
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.0.2"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.0.3
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.0.3"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.0.4
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.0.4"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.0.5
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.0.5"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.0.6
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.0.6"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.1.0
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.1.0"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.1.1
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.1.1"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.1.3
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.1.3"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.1.4
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.1.4"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.1.5
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.1.5"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.1.6
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.1.6"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.1.7
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.1.7"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.1.8
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.1.8"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.1.9
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.1.9"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.2.0
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.2.0"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.2.1
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.2.1"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.2.2
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.2.2"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.2.3
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.2.3"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.3.0
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.3.0"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.3.1
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.3.1"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.3.2
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.3.2"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.3.3
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.3.3"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.4.0
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.4.0"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.4.1
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.4.1"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.4.2
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.4.2"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.4.3
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.4.3"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.4.4
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.4.4"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.4.5
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.4.5"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.4.6
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.4.6"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.5.0
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.5.0"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.5.1
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.5.1"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.6.0
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.6.0"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.6.1
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.6.1"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.6.2
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.6.2"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.6.3
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.6.3"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.6.4
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.6.4"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.6.5
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.6.5"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.7.0
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.7.0"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.7.1
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.7.1"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.7.2
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.7.2"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.7.3
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.7.3"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.7.4
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.7.4"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.7.5
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.7.5"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.7.6
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.7.6"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.7.7
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.7.7"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.8.0
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.8.0"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.8.1
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.8.1"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.8.2
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.8.2"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.8.3
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.8.3"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.8.4
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.8.4"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.8.5
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.8.5"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.8.6
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.8.6"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.8.7
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.8.7"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.8.8
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.8.8"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.9.0
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.9.0"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.9.1
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.9.1"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.9.2
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.9.2"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.9.3
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.9.3"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.9.4
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.9.4"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.9.5
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.9.5"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.9.6
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.9.6"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.9.6.1
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.9.6.1"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.9.6.2
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.9.6.2"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.9.6.3
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.9.6.3"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.9.7
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.9.7"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.9.8
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.9.8"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.9.9
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.9.9"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.9.10
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.9.10"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.9.11
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.9.11"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.9.11.1
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.9.11.1"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.9.11.2
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.9.11.2"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.9.11.3
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.9.11.3"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.9.11.4
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.9.11.4"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.9.11.5
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.9.11.5"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.9.11.6
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.9.11.6"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.9.11.7
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.9.11.7"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.9.11.8
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.9.11.8"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.9.12
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.9.12"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.9.13
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.9.13"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.10.0
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.10.0"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.10.1
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.10.1"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.10.2
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.10.2"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.10.2.1
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.10.2.1"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.10.2.2
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.10.2.2"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.10.2.3
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.10.2.3"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.10.2.4
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.10.2.4"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.10.2.5
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.10.2.5"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.10.2.6
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.10.2.6"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.10.2.7
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.10.2.7"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
0.10.2.8
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "0.10.2.8"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
1.0.0
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "1.0.0"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
1.0.1
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "1.0.1"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
1.0.2
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "1.0.2"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
1.0.3
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "1.0.3"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
1.0.4
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "1.0.4"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
1.0.5
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "1.0.5"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
1.0.5.1
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "1.0.5.1"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
1.0.5.2
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "1.0.5.2"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
1.0.5.3
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "1.0.5.3"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
1.0.5.4
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "1.0.5.4"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
1.0.5.5
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "1.0.5.5"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
1.0.5.6
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "1.0.5.6"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
1.0.6
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "1.0.6"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
1.1.0
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "1.1.0"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
1.1.1
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "1.1.1"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
1.1.2
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "1.1.2"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
1.1.3
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "1.1.3"
-
Affected
Redhat
Search vendor "Redhat"
Libvirt
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt"
1.1.4
Search vendor "Redhat" for product "Libvirt" and version "1.1.4"
-
Affected