CVE-2016-2098

Ruby on Rails ActionPack Inline ERB - Code Execution

Severity Score

7.3

*CVSS v3

Exploit Likelihood

*EPSS

Affected Versions

*CPE

Public Exploits

*Multiple Sources

Exploited in Wild

*KEV

Decision

*SSVC

Descriptions

Action Pack in Ruby on Rails before 3.2.22.2, 4.x before 4.1.14.2, and 4.2.x before 4.2.5.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Ruby code by leveraging an application's unrestricted use of the render method.

Action Pack en Ruby on Rails en versiones anteriores a 3.2.22.2, 4.x en versiones anteriores a 4.1.14.2 y 4.2.x en versiones anteriores a 4.2.5.2 permite a atacantes remotos ejecutar código Ruby arbitrario aprovechando el uso no restringido del método render de una aplicación.

A code injection flaw was found in the way Action View component searched for templates for rendering. If an application passed untrusted input to the 'render' method, a remote, unauthenticated attacker could use this flaw to execute arbitrary code.

*Credits: N/A

CVSS Scores

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

Low

Integrity

Low

Availability

Low

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Authentication

None

Confidentiality

Partial

Integrity

Partial

Availability

Partial

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Medium

Authentication

None

Confidentiality

Partial

Integrity

Partial

Availability

Partial

* Common Vulnerability Scoring System

SSVC

Decision:-

Exploitation

Automatable

Tech. Impact

* Organization's Worst-case Scenario

Timeline

2016-01-29 CVE Reserved
2016-03-10 CVE Published
2017-01-25 First Exploit
2024-08-05 CVE Updated
2024-08-12 EPSS Updated
---------- Exploited in Wild
---------- KEV Due Date

CWE

CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

CAPEC

References (22)

URL	Tag	Source
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/83725	Vdb Entry
http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035122	Vdb Entry
https://groups.google.com/forum/message/raw?msg=rubyonrails-security/ly-IH-fxr_Q/WLoOhcMZIAAJ	Mailing List

URL	Date	SRC
https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40086	2024-08-05
https://github.com/0x00-0x00/CVE-2016-2098	2018-02-09
https://github.com/its-arun/CVE-2016-2098	2018-06-19
https://github.com/Shakun8/CVE-2016-2098	2022-09-25
https://github.com/j4k0m/CVE-2016-2098	2021-08-31
https://github.com/Debalinax64/CVE-2016-2098	2021-04-07
https://github.com/Alejandro-MartinG/rails-PoC-CVE-2016-2098	2017-01-25
https://github.com/3rg1s/CVE-2016-2098	2019-10-30
https://github.com/DanielHemmati/CVE-2016-2098-my-first-exploit	2020-07-27

URL	Date	SRC
http://weblog.rubyonrails.org/2016/2/29/Rails-4-2-5-2-4-1-14-2-3-2-22-2-have-been-released	2019-08-08

URL	Date	SRC
http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00057.html	2019-08-08
http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00080.html	2019-08-08
http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00083.html	2019-08-08
http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00086.html	2019-08-08
http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-04/msg00006.html	2019-08-08
http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-04/msg00053.html	2019-08-08
http://www.debian.org/security/2016/dsa-3509	2019-08-08
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2016-2098	2016-03-15
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1310054	2016-03-15

Affected Vendors, Products, and Versions

Vendor		Product				Version		Other		Status
Vendor	Product	Version	Other	Status	<-- -->	Vendor	Product	Version	Other	Status
Debian Search vendor "Debian"		Debian Linux Search vendor "Debian" for product "Debian Linux"				8.0 Search vendor "Debian" for product "Debian Linux" and version "8.0"		-		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.0.0 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.0.0"		-		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.0.0 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.0.0"		beta		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.0.0 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.0.0"		rc1		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.0.0 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.0.0"		rc2		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.0.1 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.0.1"		-		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.0.1 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.0.1"		rc1		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.0.1 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.0.1"		rc2		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.0.1 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.0.1"		rc3		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.0.1 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.0.1"		rc4		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.0.2 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.0.2"		-		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.0.3 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.0.3"		-		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.0.4 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.0.4"		-		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.0.4 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.0.4"		rc1		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.0.5 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.0.5"		-		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.0.6 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.0.6"		-		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.0.6 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.0.6"		rc1		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.0.6 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.0.6"		rc2		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.0.6 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.0.6"		rc3		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.0.7 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.0.7"		-		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.0.8 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.0.8"		-		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.0.9 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.0.9"		-		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.0.10 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.0.10"		rc1		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.1.0 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.1.0"		-		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.1.0 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.1.0"		beta1		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.1.0 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.1.0"		beta2		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.1.0 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.1.0"		rc1		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.1.0 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.1.0"		rc2		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.1.1 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.1.1"		-		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.1.2 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.1.2"		-		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.1.2 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.1.2"		rc1		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.1.2 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.1.2"		rc2		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.1.2 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.1.2"		rc3		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.1.3 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.1.3"		-		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.1.4 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.1.4"		-		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.1.5 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.1.5"		-		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.1.6 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.1.6"		rc1		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.1.6 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.1.6"		rc2		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.1.7 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.1.7"		-		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.1.7.1 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.1.7.1"		-		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.1.8 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.1.8"		-		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.1.9 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.1.9"		rc1		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.1.10 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.1.10"		rc1		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.1.10 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.1.10"		rc2		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.1.10 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.1.10"		rc3		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.1.10 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.1.10"		rc4		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.1.12 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.1.12"		rc1		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.1.13 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.1.13"		rc1		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.1.14 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.1.14"		rc1		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.1.14 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.1.14"		rc2		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.2.0 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.2.0"		beta1		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.2.0 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.2.0"		beta2		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.2.0 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.2.0"		beta3		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.2.0 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.2.0"		beta4		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.2.0 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.2.0"		rc1		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.2.0 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.2.0"		rc2		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.2.0 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.2.0"		rc3		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.2.1 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.2.1"		-		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.2.1 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.2.1"		rc1		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.2.1 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.2.1"		rc2		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.2.1 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.2.1"		rc3		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.2.1 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.2.1"		rc4		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.2.2 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.2.2"		-		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.2.3 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.2.3"		-		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.2.3 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.2.3"		rc1		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.2.4 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.2.4"		-		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.2.4 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.2.4"		rc1		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.2.5 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.2.5"		-		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.2.5 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.2.5"		rc1		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.2.5 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.2.5"		rc2		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails"				4.2.5.1 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Rails" and version "4.2.5.1"		-		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Ruby On Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Ruby On Rails"				<= 3.2.22.1 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Ruby On Rails" and version " <= 3.2.22.1"		-		Affected
Rubyonrails Search vendor "Rubyonrails"		Ruby On Rails Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Ruby On Rails"				4.1.14.1 Search vendor "Rubyonrails" for product "Ruby On Rails" and version "4.1.14.1"		-		Affected