// For flags

CVE-2021-28689

 

Severity Score

5.5
*CVSS v3.1

Exploit Likelihood

*EPSS

Affected Versions

*CPE

Public Exploits

0
*Multiple Sources

Exploited in Wild

-
*KEV

Decision

-
*SSVC
Descriptions

x86: Speculative vulnerabilities with bare (non-shim) 32-bit PV guests 32-bit x86 PV guest kernels run in ring 1. At the time when Xen was developed, this area of the i386 architecture was rarely used, which is why Xen was able to use it to implement paravirtualisation, Xen's novel approach to virtualization. In AMD64, Xen had to use a different implementation approach, so Xen does not use ring 1 to support 64-bit guests. With the focus now being on 64-bit systems, and the availability of explicit hardware support for virtualization, fixing speculation issues in ring 1 is not a priority for processor companies. Indirect Branch Restricted Speculation (IBRS) is an architectural x86 extension put together to combat speculative execution sidechannel attacks, including Spectre v2. It was retrofitted in microcode to existing CPUs. For more details on Spectre v2, see: http://xenbits.xen.org/xsa/advisory-254.html However, IBRS does not architecturally protect ring 0 from predictions learnt in ring 1. For more details, see: https://software.intel.com/security-software-guidance/deep-dives/deep-dive-indirect-branch-restricted-speculation Similar situations may exist with other mitigations for other kinds of speculative execution attacks. The situation is quite likely to be similar for speculative execution attacks which have yet to be discovered, disclosed, or mitigated.

x86: Vulnerabilidades especulativas con invitados PV de 32 bits desnudos (no shim) invitados de kernel PV de 32 bits x86 se ejecutan en el anillo 1. En el momento en que se desarrolló Xen, esta zona de la arquitectura i386 se usaba raramente, por lo que Xen pudo usarla para implementar la paravirtualización, el novedoso enfoque de Xen para la virtualización. En AMD64, Xen tuvo que usar un enfoque de implementación diferente, por lo que Xen no usa el anillo 1 para soportar invitados de 64 bits. Ahora que el foco está en los sistemas de 64 bits, y la disponibilidad de soporte de hardware explícito para la virtualización, arreglar los problemas de especulación en el anillo 1 no es una prioridad para las compañías de procesadores. Indirect Branch Restricted Speculation (IBRS) es una extensión de la arquitectura x86 creada para combatir los ataques de canal lateral de ejecución especulativa, incluido Spectre v2. Se ha adaptado en microcódigo a las CPU existentes. Para más detalles sobre Spectre v2, consulte:: http://xenbits.xen.org/xsa/advisory-254.html Sin embargo, IBRS no protege arquitectónicamente el anillo 0 de las predicciones aprendidas en el anillo 1. Para más detalles, véase: https://software.intel.com/security-software-guidance/deep-dives/deep-dive-indirect-branch-restricted-speculation Pueden darse situaciones similares con otras mitigaciones para otros tipos de ataques de ejecución especulativa. Es muy probable que la situación sea similar para los ataques de ejecución especulativa que aún no se han descubierto, divulgado o mitigado

*Credits: This issue was discovered by Jann Horn of Google Project Zero.
CVSS Scores
Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
None
Availability
None
Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Authentication
None
Confidentiality
Partial
Integrity
None
Availability
None
* Common Vulnerability Scoring System
SSVC
  • Decision:-
Exploitation
-
Automatable
-
Tech. Impact
-
* Organization's Worst-case Scenario
Timeline
  • 2021-03-18 CVE Reserved
  • 2021-06-11 CVE Published
  • 2023-03-08 EPSS Updated
  • 2024-08-03 CVE Updated
  • ---------- Exploited in Wild
  • ---------- KEV Due Date
  • ---------- First Exploit
CWE
  • CWE-212: Improper Removal of Sensitive Information Before Storage or Transfer
CAPEC
References (1)
Affected Vendors, Products, and Versions
Vendor Product Version Other Status
Vendor Product Version Other Status <-- --> Vendor Product Version Other Status
Xen
Search vendor "Xen"
Xen
Search vendor "Xen" for product "Xen"
< 4.12.0
Search vendor "Xen" for product "Xen" and version " < 4.12.0"
-
Affected