// For flags

CVE-2023-28708

Apache Tomcat: JSESSIONID Cookie missing secure attribute in some configurations

Severity Score

9.3
*CVSS v4

Exploit Likelihood

*EPSS

Affected Versions

*CPE

Public Exploits

0
*Multiple Sources

Exploited in Wild

-
*KEV

Decision

Track
*SSVC
Descriptions

When using the RemoteIpFilter with requests received from a reverse proxy via HTTP that include the X-Forwarded-Proto header set to https, session cookies created by Apache Tomcat 11.0.0-M1 to 11.0.0.-M2, 10.1.0-M1 to 10.1.5, 9.0.0-M1 to 9.0.71 and 8.5.0 to 8.5.85 did not include the secure attribute. This could result in the user agent transmitting the session cookie over an insecure channel.

When using the RemoteIpFilter with requests received from a reverse proxy via HTTP that include the X-Forwarded-Proto header set to https, session cookies created by Apache Tomcat 11.0.0-M1 to 11.0.0.-M2, 10.1.0-M1 to 10.1.5, 9.0.0-M1 to 9.0.71 and 8.5.0 to 8.5.85 did not include the secure attribute. This could result in the user agent transmitting the session cookie over an insecure channel. Older, EOL versions may also be affected.

When using the RemoteIpFilter with requests received from a reverse proxy via HTTP that include the X-Forwarded-Proto header set to https, session cookies created by Apache Tomcat 11.0.0-M1 to 11.0.0.-M2, 10.1.0-M1 to 10.1.5, 9.0.0-M1 to 9.0.71 and 8.5.0 to 8.5.85 did not include the secure attribute. This could result in the user agent transmitting the session cookie over an insecure channel. Older, EOL versions may also be affected.

It was discovered that Tomcat did not include the secure attribute for session cookies when using the RemoteIpFilter with requests from a reverse proxy. An attacker could possibly use this issue to leak sensitive information. This issue was fixed for tomcat8 on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS and for tomcat9 on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS, Ubuntu 24.10, and Ubuntu 25.04. It was discovered that Tomcat incorrectly recycled certain objects, which could lead to information leaking from one request to the next. An attacker could potentially use this issue to leak sensitive information. This issue was fixed for tomcat8 on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS and for tomcat9 on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS, Ubuntu 24.10, and Ubuntu 25.04.

*Credits: N/A
CVSS Scores
Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
System
Vulnerable | Subsequent
Confidentiality
High
None
Integrity
High
None
Availability
High
None
Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
Low
Integrity
None
Availability
None
Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High
Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Authentication
None
Confidentiality
Partial
Integrity
None
Availability
None
* Common Vulnerability Scoring System
SSVC
  • Decision:Track
Exploitation
None
Automatable
No
Tech. Impact
Partial
* Organization's Worst-case Scenario
Timeline
  • 2023-03-21 CVE Reserved
  • 2023-03-22 CVE Published
  • 2025-08-07 CVE Updated
  • 2025-08-16 EPSS Updated
  • ---------- Exploited in Wild
  • ---------- KEV Due Date
  • ---------- First Exploit
CWE
  • CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  • CWE-523: Unprotected Transport of Credentials
CAPEC
Affected Vendors, Products, and Versions
Vendor Product Version Other Status
Vendor Product Version Other Status <-- --> Vendor Product Version Other Status
Apache
Search vendor "Apache"
Tomcat
Search vendor "Apache" for product "Tomcat"
>= 8.5.0 < 8.5.86
Search vendor "Apache" for product "Tomcat" and version " >= 8.5.0 < 8.5.86"
-
Affected
Apache
Search vendor "Apache"
Tomcat
Search vendor "Apache" for product "Tomcat"
> 9.0.0 < 9.0.72
Search vendor "Apache" for product "Tomcat" and version " > 9.0.0 < 9.0.72"
-
Affected
Apache
Search vendor "Apache"
Tomcat
Search vendor "Apache" for product "Tomcat"
> 10.1.0 < 10.1.6
Search vendor "Apache" for product "Tomcat" and version " > 10.1.0 < 10.1.6"
-
Affected
Apache
Search vendor "Apache"
Tomcat
Search vendor "Apache" for product "Tomcat"
11.0.0
Search vendor "Apache" for product "Tomcat" and version "11.0.0"
milestone1
Affected
Apache
Search vendor "Apache"
Tomcat
Search vendor "Apache" for product "Tomcat"
11.0.0
Search vendor "Apache" for product "Tomcat" and version "11.0.0"
milestone2
Affected