// For flags

CVE-2024-39488

arm64: asm-bug: Add .align 2 to the end of __BUG_ENTRY

Severity Score

5.5
*CVSS v3.1

Exploit Likelihood

< 1%
*EPSS

Affected Versions

8
*CPE

Public Exploits

0
*Multiple Sources

Exploited in Wild

-
*KEV

Decision

Track
*SSVC
Descriptions

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: arm64: asm-bug: Add .align 2 to the end of __BUG_ENTRY When CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE=n, we fail to add necessary padding bytes
to bug_table entries, and as a result the last entry in a bug table will
be ignored, potentially leading to an unexpected panic(). All prior
entries in the table will be handled correctly. The arm64 ABI requires that struct fields of up to 8 bytes are
naturally-aligned, with padding added within a struct such that struct
are suitably aligned within arrays. When CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERPOSE=y, the layout of a bug_entry is: struct bug_entry { signed int bug_addr_disp; // 4 bytes signed int file_disp; // 4 bytes unsigned short line; // 2 bytes unsigned short flags; // 2 bytes } ... with 12 bytes total, requiring 4-byte alignment. When CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE=n, the layout of a bug_entry is: struct bug_entry { signed int bug_addr_disp; // 4 bytes unsigned short flags; // 2 bytes < implicit padding > // 2 bytes } ... with 8 bytes total, with 6 bytes of data and 2 bytes of trailing
padding, requiring 4-byte alginment. When we create a bug_entry in assembly, we align the start of the entry
to 4 bytes, which implicitly handles padding for any prior entries.
However, we do not align the end of the entry, and so when
CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE=n, the final entry lacks the trailing padding
bytes. For the main kernel image this is not a problem as find_bug() doesn't
depend on the trailing padding bytes when searching for entries: for (bug = __start___bug_table; bug < __stop___bug_table; ++bug) if (bugaddr == bug_addr(bug)) return bug; However for modules, module_bug_finalize() depends on the trailing
bytes when calculating the number of entries: mod->num_bugs = sechdrs[i].sh_size / sizeof(struct bug_entry); ... and as the last bug_entry lacks the necessary padding bytes, this entry
will not be counted, e.g. in the case of a single entry: sechdrs[i].sh_size == 6 sizeof(struct bug_entry) == 8; sechdrs[i].sh_size / sizeof(struct bug_entry) == 0; Consequently module_find_bug() will miss the last bug_entry when it does: for (i = 0; i < mod->num_bugs; ++i, ++bug) if (bugaddr == bug_addr(bug)) goto out; ... which can lead to a kenrel panic due to an unhandled bug. This can be demonstrated with the following module: static int __init buginit(void) { WARN(1, "hello
"); return 0; } static void __exit bugexit(void) { } module_init(buginit); module_exit(bugexit); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); ... which will trigger a kernel panic when loaded: ------------[ cut here ]------------ hello Unexpected kernel BRK exception at EL1 Internal error: BRK handler: 00000000f2000800 [#1] PREEMPT SMP Modules linked in: hello(O+) CPU: 0 PID: 50 Comm: insmod Tainted: G O 6.9.1 #8 Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT) pstate: 60400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) pc : buginit+0x18/0x1000 [hello] lr : buginit+0x18/0x1000 [hello] sp : ffff800080533ae0 x29: ffff800080533ae0 x28: 0000000000000000 x27: 0000000000000000 x26: ffffaba8c4e70510 x25: ffff800080533c30 x24: ffffaba8c4a28a58 x23: 0000000000000000 x22: 0000000000000000 x21: ffff3947c0eab3c0 x20: ffffaba8c4e3f000 x19: ffffaba846464000 x18: 0000000000000006 x17: 0000000000000000 x16: ffffaba8c2492834 x15: 0720072007200720 x14: 0720072007200720 x13: ffffaba8c49b27c8 x12: 0000000000000312 x11: 0000000000000106 x10: ffffaba8c4a0a7c8 x9 : ffffaba8c49b27c8 x8 : 00000000ffffefff x7 : ffffaba8c4a0a7c8 x6 : 80000000fffff000 x5 : 0000000000000107 x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : 0000000000000000 x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : ffff3947c0eab3c0 Call trace: buginit+0x18/0x1000 [hello] do_one_initcall+0x80/0x1c8 do_init_module+0x60/0x218 load_module+0x1ba4/0x1d70 __do_sys_init_module+0x198/0x1d0 __arm64_sys_init_module+0x1c/0x28 invoke_syscall+0x48/0x114 el0_svc
---truncated---

En el kernel de Linux, se resolvió la siguiente vulnerabilidad: arm64: asm-bug: agregue .align 2 al final de __BUG_ENTRY Cuando CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE=n, no agregamos los bytes de relleno necesarios a las entradas de bug_table y, como resultado, la última entrada en una tabla de errores se ignorará, lo que podría provocar un pánico inesperado(). Todas las entradas anteriores en la tabla se manejarán correctamente. La ABI arm64 requiere que los campos de estructura de hasta 8 bytes estén alineados de forma natural, con relleno agregado dentro de una estructura de modo que la estructura esté adecuadamente alineada dentro de las matrices. Cuando CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERPOSE=y, el diseño de una entrada de error es: struct bug_entry { firmado int bug_addr_disp; // 4 bytes firmados int file_disp; // Línea corta sin firmar de 4 bytes; // 2 bytes de banderas cortas sin firmar; // 2 bytes } ... con 12 bytes en total, que requieren una alineación de 4 bytes. Cuando CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE=n, el diseño de una entrada de error es: struct bug_entry { firmado int bug_addr_disp; // 4 bytes de banderas cortas sin firmar; // 2 bytes &lt; relleno implícito &gt; // 2 bytes } ... con 8 bytes en total, con 6 bytes de datos y 2 bytes de relleno final, que requieren un alineamiento de 4 bytes. Cuando creamos un bug_entry en el ensamblado, alineamos el inicio de la entrada a 4 bytes, lo que implícitamente maneja el relleno de cualquier entrada anterior. Sin embargo, no alineamos el final de la entrada, por lo que cuando CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE=n, la entrada final carece de los bytes de relleno finales. Para la imagen principal del kernel, esto no es un problema ya que find_bug() no depende de los bytes de relleno finales cuando se buscan entradas: for (bug = __start___bug_table; bug &lt; __stop___bug_table; ++bug) if (bugaddr == bug_addr(bug )) error de devolución; Sin embargo, para los módulos, module_bug_finalize() depende de los bytes finales al calcular el número de entradas: mod-&gt;num_bugs = sechdrs[i].sh_size / sizeof(struct bug_entry); ... y como la última entrada_error carece de los bytes de relleno necesarios, esta entrada no se contará, p.e. en el caso de una sola entrada: sechdrs[i].sh_size == 6 sizeof(struct bug_entry) == 8; sechdrs[i].sh_size / sizeof(struct bug_entry) == 0; En consecuencia, module_find_bug() perderá la última entrada de error cuando lo haga: for (i = 0; i &lt; mod-&gt;num_bugs; ++i, ++bug) if (bugaddr == bug_addr(bug)) goto out; ... lo que puede provocar pánico en el kenrel debido a un error no controlado. Esto se puede demostrar con el siguiente módulo: static int __init buginit(void) { WARN(1, "hello
"); devolver 0; } vacío estático __exit bugexit(void) { } module_init(buginit); module_exit(salida de error); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); ... lo que provocará un pánico en el kernel cuando se cargue: ------------[ cortar aquí ]------------ hola Excepción inesperada de BRK en el kernel en EL1 Error interno: Controlador BRK: 00000000f2000800 [#1] PREEMPT Módulos SMP vinculados en: hello(O+) CPU: 0 PID: 50 Comm: insmod Tainted: G O 6.9.1 #8 Nombre de hardware: linux,dummy-virt (DT) pstate: 60400005 ( nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) pc: ---truncado---

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: arm64: asm-bug: Add .align 2 to the end of __BUG_ENTRY When CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE=n, we fail to add necessary padding bytes to bug_table entries, and as a result the last entry in a bug table will be ignored, potentially leading to an unexpected panic(). All prior entries in the table will be handled correctly. The arm64 ABI requires that struct fields of up to 8 bytes are naturally-aligned, with padding added within a struct such that struct are suitably aligned within arrays. When CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERPOSE=y, the layout of a bug_entry is: struct bug_entry { signed int bug_addr_disp; // 4 bytes signed int file_disp; // 4 bytes unsigned short line; // 2 bytes unsigned short flags; // 2 bytes } ... with 12 bytes total, requiring 4-byte alignment. When CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE=n, the layout of a bug_entry is: struct bug_entry { signed int bug_addr_disp; // 4 bytes unsigned short flags; // 2 bytes < implicit padding > // 2 bytes } ... with 8 bytes total, with 6 bytes of data and 2 bytes of trailing padding, requiring 4-byte alginment. When we create a bug_entry in assembly, we align the start of the entry to 4 bytes, which implicitly handles padding for any prior entries. However, we do not align the end of the entry, and so when CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE=n, the final entry lacks the trailing padding bytes. For the main kernel image this is not a problem as find_bug() doesn't depend on the trailing padding bytes when searching for entries: for (bug = __start___bug_table; bug < __stop___bug_table; ++bug) if (bugaddr == bug_addr(bug)) return bug; However for modules, module_bug_finalize() depends on the trailing bytes when calculating the number of entries: mod->num_bugs = sechdrs[i].sh_size / sizeof(struct bug_entry); ... and as the last bug_entry lacks the necessary padding bytes, this entry will not be counted, e.g. in the case of a single entry: sechdrs[i].sh_size == 6 sizeof(struct bug_entry) == 8; sechdrs[i].sh_size / sizeof(struct bug_entry) == 0; Consequently module_find_bug() will miss the last bug_entry when it does: for (i = 0; i < mod->num_bugs; ++i, ++bug) if (bugaddr == bug_addr(bug)) goto out; ... which can lead to a kenrel panic due to an unhandled bug. This can be demonstrated with the following module: static int __init buginit(void) { WARN(1, "hello
"); return 0; } static void __exit bugexit(void) { } module_init(buginit); module_exit(bugexit); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); ... which will trigger a kernel panic when loaded: ------------[ cut here ]------------ hello Unexpected kernel BRK exception at EL1 Internal error: BRK handler: 00000000f2000800 [#1] PREEMPT SMP Modules linked in: hello(O+) CPU: 0 PID: 50 Comm: insmod Tainted: G O 6.9.1 #8 Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT) pstate: 60400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) pc : buginit+0x18/0x1000 [hello] lr : buginit+0x18/0x1000 [hello] sp : ffff800080533ae0 x29: ffff800080533ae0 x28: 0000000000000000 x27: 0000000000000000 x26: ffffaba8c4e70510 x25: ffff800080533c30 x24: ffffaba8c4a28a58 x23: 0000000000000000 x22: 0000000000000000 x21: ffff3947c0eab3c0 x20: ffffaba8c4e3f000 x19: ffffaba846464000 x18: 0000000000000006 x17: 0000000000000000 x16: ffffaba8c2492834 x15: 0720072007200720 x14: 0720072007200720 x13: ffffaba8c49b27c8 x12: 0000000000000312 x11: 0000000000000106 x10: ffffaba8c4a0a7c8 x9 : ffffaba8c49b27c8 x8 : 00000000ffffefff x7 : ffffaba8c4a0a7c8 x6 : 80000000fffff000 x5 : 0000000000000107 x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : 0000000000000000 x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : ffff3947c0eab3c0 Call trace: buginit+0x18/0x1000 [hello] do_one_initcall+0x80/0x1c8 do_init_module+0x60/0x218 load_module+0x1ba4/0x1d70 __do_sys_init_module+0x198/0x1d0 __arm64_sys_init_module+0x1c/0x28 invoke_syscall+0x48/0x114 el0_svc ---truncated---

Ziming Zhang discovered that the DRM driver for VMware Virtual GPU did not properly handle certain error conditions, leading to a NULL pointer dereference. A local attacker could possibly trigger this vulnerability to cause a denial of service. Gui-Dong Han discovered that the software RAID driver in the Linux kernel contained a race condition, leading to an integer overflow vulnerability. A privileged attacker could possibly use this to cause a denial of service.

*Credits: N/A
CVSS Scores
Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High
Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Authentication
Single
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
Complete
* Common Vulnerability Scoring System
SSVC
  • Decision:Track
Exploitation
None
Automatable
No
Tech. Impact
Partial
* Organization's Worst-case Scenario
Timeline
  • 2024-06-25 CVE Reserved
  • 2024-07-10 CVE Published
  • 2024-12-19 CVE Updated
  • 2025-03-26 EPSS Updated
  • ---------- Exploited in Wild
  • ---------- KEV Due Date
  • ---------- First Exploit
CWE
CAPEC
Affected Vendors, Products, and Versions (8)