// For flags

CVE-2025-21598

Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved: When BGP traceoptions are configured, receipt of malformed BGP packets causes RPD to crash

Severity Score

8.2
*CVSS v4

Exploit Likelihood

*EPSS

Affected Versions

*CPE

Public Exploits

0
*Multiple Sources

Exploited in Wild

-
*KEV

Decision

Attend
*SSVC
Descriptions

AnĀ Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability in Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved's routing protocol daemon (rpd) allows an unauthenticated, network-based attacker to sendĀ malformed BGP packets to a device configured with packet receive trace options enabled to crash rpd.
This issue affects: Junos OS: * from 21.2R3-S8 before 21.2R3-S9, * from 21.4R3-S7 before 21.4R3-S9, * from 22.2R3-S4 before 22.2R3-S5, * from 22.3R3-S2 before 22.3R3-S4, * from 22.4R3 before 22.4R3-S5, * from 23.2R2 before 23.2R2-S2, * from 23.4R1 before 23.4R2-S1, * from 24.2R1 before 24.2R1-S1, 24.2R2. Junos OS Evolved: * from 21.4R3-S7-EVO before 21.4R3-S9-EVO, * from 22.2R3-S4-EVO before 22.2R3-S5-EVO, * from 22.3R3-S2-EVO before 22.3R3-S4-EVO, * from 22.4R3-EVO before 22.4R3-S5-EVO, * from 23.2R2-EVO before 23.2R2-S2-EVO, * from 23.4R1-EVO before 23.4R2-S1-EVO, * from 24.2R1-EVO before 24.2R1-S2-EVO, 24.2R2-EVO. This issue requires a BGP session to be established. This issue can propagate and multiply through multiple ASes until reaching vulnerable devices. This issue affects iBGP and eBGP. This issue affects IPv4 and IPv6. An indicator of compromise may be the presence of malformed update messages in a neighboring AS which is unaffected by this issue: For example, by issuing the command on the neighboring device: show log messages Reviewing for similar messages from devices within proximity to each other may indicate this malformed packet is propagating: rpd[<pid>]: Received malformed update from <IP address> (External AS <AS#>)
and rpd[<pid>]: Malformed Attribute

An Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability in Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved's routing protocol daemon (rpd) allows an unauthenticated, network-based attacker to send malformed BGP packets to a device configured with packet receive trace options enabled to crash rpd. This issue affects: Junos OS: * from 21.2R3-S8 before 21.2R3-S9, * from 21.4R3-S7 before 21.4R3-S9, * from 22.2R3-S4 before 22.2R3-S5, * from 22.3R3-S2 before 22.3R3-S4, * from 22.4R3 before 22.4R3-S5, * from 23.2R2 before 23.2R2-S2, * from 23.4R1 before 23.4R2-S1, * from 24.2R1 before 24.2R1-S1, 24.2R2. Junos OS Evolved: * from 21.4R3-S7-EVO before 21.4R3-S9-EVO, * from 22.2R3-S4-EVO before 22.2R3-S5-EVO, * from 22.3R3-S2-EVO before 22.3R3-S4-EVO, * from 22.4R3-EVO before 22.4R3-S5-EVO, * from 23.2R2-EVO before 23.2R2-S2-EVO, * from 23.4R1-EVO before 23.4R2-S1-EVO, * from 24.2R1-EVO before 24.2R1-S2-EVO, 24.2R2-EVO. This issue requires a BGP session to be established. This issue can propagate and multiply through multiple ASes until reaching vulnerable devices. This issue affects iBGP and eBGP. This issue affects IPv4 and IPv6. An indicator of compromise may be the presence of malformed update messages in a neighboring AS which is unaffected by this issue: For example, by issuing the command on the neighboring device: show log messages Reviewing for similar messages from devices within proximity to each other may indicate this malformed packet is propagating: rpd[<pid>]: Received malformed update from <IP address> (External AS <AS#>) and rpd[<pid>]: Malformed Attribute

*Credits: N/A
CVSS Scores
Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
Present
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
System
Vulnerable | Subsequent
Confidentiality
None
None
Integrity
None
None
Availability
High
Low
Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
Present
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
System
Vulnerable | Subsequent
Confidentiality
None
None
Integrity
None
None
Availability
High
Low
Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High
Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Authentication
None
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
Complete
* Common Vulnerability Scoring System
SSVC
  • Decision:Attend
Exploitation
None
Automatable
Yes
Tech. Impact
Partial
* Organization's Worst-case Scenario
Timeline
  • 2024-12-26 CVE Reserved
  • 2025-01-09 CVE Published
  • 2025-01-09 CVE Updated
  • 2025-01-10 EPSS Updated
  • ---------- Exploited in Wild
  • ---------- KEV Due Date
  • ---------- First Exploit
CWE
  • CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read
CAPEC
Affected Vendors, Products, and Versions
Vendor Product Version Other Status
Vendor Product Version Other Status <-- --> Vendor Product Version Other Status
Juniper Networks
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Junos OS
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>= 21.2R3-S8 < 21.2R3-S9
Search vendor "Juniper Networks" for product "Junos OS" and version " >= 21.2R3-S8 < 21.2R3-S9"
en
Affected
Juniper Networks
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Junos OS
Search vendor "Juniper Networks" for product "Junos OS"
>= 21.4R3-S7 < 21.4R3-S9
Search vendor "Juniper Networks" for product "Junos OS" and version " >= 21.4R3-S7 < 21.4R3-S9"
en
Affected
Juniper Networks
Search vendor "Juniper Networks"
Junos OS
Search vendor "Juniper Networks" for product "Junos OS"
>= 22.2R3-S4 < 22.2R3-S5
Search vendor "Juniper Networks" for product "Junos OS" and version " >= 22.2R3-S4 < 22.2R3-S5"
en
Affected
Juniper Networks
Search vendor "Juniper Networks"
Junos OS
Search vendor "Juniper Networks" for product "Junos OS"
>= 22.3R3-S2 < 22.3R3-S4
Search vendor "Juniper Networks" for product "Junos OS" and version " >= 22.3R3-S2 < 22.3R3-S4"
en
Affected
Juniper Networks
Search vendor "Juniper Networks"
Junos OS
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>= 22.4R3 < 22.4R3-S5
Search vendor "Juniper Networks" for product "Junos OS" and version " >= 22.4R3 < 22.4R3-S5"
en
Affected
Juniper Networks
Search vendor "Juniper Networks"
Junos OS
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>= 23.2R2 < 23.2R2-S2
Search vendor "Juniper Networks" for product "Junos OS" and version " >= 23.2R2 < 23.2R2-S2"
en
Affected
Juniper Networks
Search vendor "Juniper Networks"
Junos OS
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>= 23.4R1 < 23.4R2-S1
Search vendor "Juniper Networks" for product "Junos OS" and version " >= 23.4R1 < 23.4R2-S1"
en
Affected
Juniper Networks
Search vendor "Juniper Networks"
Junos OS
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>= 24.2R1 < 24.2R1-S1
Search vendor "Juniper Networks" for product "Junos OS" and version " >= 24.2R1 < 24.2R1-S1"
en
Affected
Juniper Networks
Search vendor "Juniper Networks"
Junos OS
Search vendor "Juniper Networks" for product "Junos OS"
>= 24.2R1 < 24.2R2
Search vendor "Juniper Networks" for product "Junos OS" and version " >= 24.2R1 < 24.2R2"
en
Affected
Juniper Networks
Search vendor "Juniper Networks"
Junos OS Evolved
Search vendor "Juniper Networks" for product "Junos OS Evolved"
>= 22.2R3-S4-EVO < 22.2R3-S5-EVO
Search vendor "Juniper Networks" for product "Junos OS Evolved" and version " >= 22.2R3-S4-EVO < 22.2R3-S5-EVO"
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Affected
Juniper Networks
Search vendor "Juniper Networks"
Junos OS Evolved
Search vendor "Juniper Networks" for product "Junos OS Evolved"
>= 22.3R3-S2-EVO < 22.3R3-S4-EVO
Search vendor "Juniper Networks" for product "Junos OS Evolved" and version " >= 22.3R3-S2-EVO < 22.3R3-S4-EVO"
en
Affected
Juniper Networks
Search vendor "Juniper Networks"
Junos OS Evolved
Search vendor "Juniper Networks" for product "Junos OS Evolved"
>= 22.4R3-EVO < 22.4R3-S5-EVO
Search vendor "Juniper Networks" for product "Junos OS Evolved" and version " >= 22.4R3-EVO < 22.4R3-S5-EVO"
en
Affected
Juniper Networks
Search vendor "Juniper Networks"
Junos OS Evolved
Search vendor "Juniper Networks" for product "Junos OS Evolved"
>= 23.2R2-EVO < 23.2R2-S2-EVO
Search vendor "Juniper Networks" for product "Junos OS Evolved" and version " >= 23.2R2-EVO < 23.2R2-S2-EVO"
en
Affected
Juniper Networks
Search vendor "Juniper Networks"
Junos OS Evolved
Search vendor "Juniper Networks" for product "Junos OS Evolved"
>= 23.4R1-EVO < 23.4R2-S1-EVO
Search vendor "Juniper Networks" for product "Junos OS Evolved" and version " >= 23.4R1-EVO < 23.4R2-S1-EVO"
en
Affected
Juniper Networks
Search vendor "Juniper Networks"
Junos OS Evolved
Search vendor "Juniper Networks" for product "Junos OS Evolved"
>= 24.2R1-EVO < 24.2R1-S2-EVO
Search vendor "Juniper Networks" for product "Junos OS Evolved" and version " >= 24.2R1-EVO < 24.2R1-S2-EVO"
en
Affected
Juniper Networks
Search vendor "Juniper Networks"
Junos OS Evolved
Search vendor "Juniper Networks" for product "Junos OS Evolved"
>= 24.2R1-EVO < 24.2R2-EVO
Search vendor "Juniper Networks" for product "Junos OS Evolved" and version " >= 24.2R1-EVO < 24.2R2-EVO"
en
Affected