// For flags

CVE-2025-22045

x86/mm: Fix flush_tlb_range() when used for zapping normal PMDs

Severity Score

5.5
*CVSS v3

Exploit Likelihood

*EPSS

Affected Versions

*CPE

Public Exploits

0
*Multiple Sources

Exploited in Wild

-
*KEV

Decision

-
*SSVC
Descriptions

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: x86/mm: Fix flush_tlb_range() when used for zapping normal PMDs On the following path, flush_tlb_range() can be used for zapping normal
PMD entries (PMD entries that point to page tables) together with the PTE
entries in the pointed-to page table: collapse_pte_mapped_thp pmdp_collapse_flush flush_tlb_range The arm64 version of flush_tlb_range() has a comment describing that it can
be used for page table removal, and does not use any last-level
invalidation optimizations. Fix the X86 version by making it behave the
same way. Currently, X86 only uses this information for the following two purposes,
which I think means the issue doesn't have much impact: - In native_flush_tlb_multi() for checking if lazy TLB CPUs need to be IPI'd to avoid issues with speculative page table walks. - In Hyper-V TLB paravirtualization, again for lazy TLB stuff. The patch "x86/mm: only invalidate final translations with INVLPGB" which
is currently under review (see
<https://lore.kernel.org/all/20241230175550.4046587-13-riel@surriel.com/>)
would probably be making the impact of this a lot worse.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: x86/mm: Fix flush_tlb_range() when used for zapping normal PMDs On the following path, flush_tlb_range() can be used for zapping normal PMD entries (PMD entries that point to page tables) together with the PTE entries in the pointed-to page table: collapse_pte_mapped_thp pmdp_collapse_flush flush_tlb_range The arm64 version of flush_tlb_range() has a comment describing that it can be used for page table removal, and does not use any last-level invalidation optimizations. Fix the X86 version by making it behave the same way. Currently, X86 only uses this information for the following two purposes, which I think means the issue doesn't have much impact: - In native_flush_tlb_multi() for checking if lazy TLB CPUs need to be IPI'd to avoid issues with speculative page table walks. - In Hyper-V TLB paravirtualization, again for lazy TLB stuff. The patch "x86/mm: only invalidate final translations with INVLPGB" which is currently under review (see <https://lore.kernel.org/all/20241230175550.4046587-13-riel@surriel.com/>) would probably be making the impact of this a lot worse.

*Credits: N/A
CVSS Scores
Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High
Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Authentication
None
Confidentiality
Complete
Integrity
Complete
Availability
None
* Common Vulnerability Scoring System
SSVC
  • Decision:-
Exploitation
-
Automatable
-
Tech. Impact
-
* Organization's Worst-case Scenario
Timeline
  • 2024-12-29 CVE Reserved
  • 2025-04-16 CVE Published
  • 2025-04-16 CVE Updated
  • 2025-04-17 EPSS Updated
  • ---------- Exploited in Wild
  • ---------- KEV Due Date
  • ---------- First Exploit
CWE
CAPEC
Affected Vendors, Products, and Versions
Vendor Product Version Other Status
Vendor Product Version Other Status <-- --> Vendor Product Version Other Status
Linux
Search vendor "Linux"
Linux Kernel
Search vendor "Linux" for product "Linux Kernel"
>= 4.20 < 5.4.292
Search vendor "Linux" for product "Linux Kernel" and version " >= 4.20 < 5.4.292"
en
Affected
Linux
Search vendor "Linux"
Linux Kernel
Search vendor "Linux" for product "Linux Kernel"
>= 4.20 < 5.10.236
Search vendor "Linux" for product "Linux Kernel" and version " >= 4.20 < 5.10.236"
en
Affected
Linux
Search vendor "Linux"
Linux Kernel
Search vendor "Linux" for product "Linux Kernel"
>= 4.20 < 5.15.180
Search vendor "Linux" for product "Linux Kernel" and version " >= 4.20 < 5.15.180"
en
Affected
Linux
Search vendor "Linux"
Linux Kernel
Search vendor "Linux" for product "Linux Kernel"
>= 4.20 < 6.1.134
Search vendor "Linux" for product "Linux Kernel" and version " >= 4.20 < 6.1.134"
en
Affected
Linux
Search vendor "Linux"
Linux Kernel
Search vendor "Linux" for product "Linux Kernel"
>= 4.20 < 6.6.87
Search vendor "Linux" for product "Linux Kernel" and version " >= 4.20 < 6.6.87"
en
Affected
Linux
Search vendor "Linux"
Linux Kernel
Search vendor "Linux" for product "Linux Kernel"
>= 4.20 < 6.12.23
Search vendor "Linux" for product "Linux Kernel" and version " >= 4.20 < 6.12.23"
en
Affected
Linux
Search vendor "Linux"
Linux Kernel
Search vendor "Linux" for product "Linux Kernel"
>= 4.20 < 6.13.11
Search vendor "Linux" for product "Linux Kernel" and version " >= 4.20 < 6.13.11"
en
Affected
Linux
Search vendor "Linux"
Linux Kernel
Search vendor "Linux" for product "Linux Kernel"
>= 4.20 < 6.14.2
Search vendor "Linux" for product "Linux Kernel" and version " >= 4.20 < 6.14.2"
en
Affected
Linux
Search vendor "Linux"
Linux Kernel
Search vendor "Linux" for product "Linux Kernel"
>= 4.20 < 6.15-rc1
Search vendor "Linux" for product "Linux Kernel" and version " >= 4.20 < 6.15-rc1"
en
Affected