CVE-2025-31251

Apple macOS JPEG Image Decoding Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Severity Score

5.5

*CVSS v3.1

Exploit Likelihood

*EPSS

Affected Versions

*CPE

Public Exploits

*Multiple Sources

Exploited in Wild

*KEV

Decision

Track

*SSVC

Descriptions

The issue was addressed with improved input sanitization. This issue is fixed in watchOS 11.5, macOS Sonoma 14.7.6, tvOS 18.5, iPadOS 17.7.7, iOS 18.5 and iPadOS 18.5, macOS Sequoia 15.5, visionOS 2.5, macOS Ventura 13.7.6. Processing a maliciously crafted media file may lead to unexpected app termination or corrupt process memory.

This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Apple macOS. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the decoding of JPEG images. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a write past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current user.

macOS Ventura 13.7.6 addresses bypass, code execution, double free, information leakage, integer overflow, out of bounds read, and use-after-free vulnerabilities.

*Credits: Hossein Lotfi (@hosselot) of Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative

CVSS Scores

Attack Vector

Local

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

Required

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

High

Integrity

None

Availability

None

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

Required

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

High

Integrity

High

Availability

High

Attack Vector

Local

Attack Complexity

Low

Authentication

None

Confidentiality

Complete

Integrity

None

Availability

None

* Common Vulnerability Scoring System

SSVC

Decision:Track

Exploitation

None

Automatable

Tech. Impact

Partial

* Organization's Worst-case Scenario

Timeline

2025-03-27 CVE Reserved
2025-05-12 CVE Published
2025-05-21 CVE Updated
2025-06-13 EPSS Updated
---------- Exploited in Wild
---------- KEV Due Date
---------- First Exploit

CWE

CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

CAPEC

References (8)

URL	Tag	Source
https://support.apple.com/en-us/122404
https://support.apple.com/en-us/122405
https://support.apple.com/en-us/122716
https://support.apple.com/en-us/122717
https://support.apple.com/en-us/122718
https://support.apple.com/en-us/122720
https://support.apple.com/en-us/122721
https://support.apple.com/en-us/122722

URL	Date	SRC

URL	Date	SRC

URL	Date	SRC

Affected Vendors, Products, and Versions

Vendor		Product				Version		Other		Status
Vendor	Product	Version	Other	Status	<-- -->	Vendor	Product	Version	Other	Status
Apple Search vendor "Apple"		Ios Search vendor "Apple" for product "Ios"				*		-		Affected
Apple Search vendor "Apple"		Ipados Search vendor "Apple" for product "Ipados"				*		-		Affected
Apple Search vendor "Apple"		Macos Search vendor "Apple" for product "Macos"				*		-		Affected
Apple Search vendor "Apple"		Visionos Search vendor "Apple" for product "Visionos"				*		-		Affected
Apple Search vendor "Apple"		Watchos Search vendor "Apple" for product "Watchos"				*		-		Affected
Apple Search vendor "Apple"		Tvos Search vendor "Apple" for product "Tvos"				*		-		Affected