// For flags

CVE-2025-31651

Apache Tomcat: Bypass of rules in Rewrite Valve

Severity Score

9.8
*CVSS v3.1

Exploit Likelihood

*EPSS

Affected Versions

*CPE

Public Exploits

1
*Multiple Sources

Exploited in Wild

-
*KEV

Decision

Attend
*SSVC
Descriptions

Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. For a subset of unlikely rewrite rule configurations, it was possible for a specially crafted request to bypass some rewrite rules. If those rewrite rules effectively enforced security constraints, those constraints could be bypassed. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.5, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.39, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.102. Users are recommended to upgrade to version [FIXED_VERSION], which fixes the issue.

Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. For a subset of unlikely rewrite rule configurations, it was possible for a specially crafted request to bypass some rewrite rules. If those rewrite rules effectively enforced security constraints, those constraints could be bypassed. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.5, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.39, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.102. Users are recommended to upgrade to version [FIXED_VERSION], which fixes the issue.

*Credits: COSCO Shipping Lines DIC
CVSS Scores
Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High
Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
High
Availability
None
Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Authentication
None
Confidentiality
Partial
Integrity
Partial
Availability
None
* Common Vulnerability Scoring System
SSVC
  • Decision:Attend
Exploitation
None
Automatable
Yes
Tech. Impact
Total
* Organization's Worst-case Scenario
Timeline
  • 2025-03-31 CVE Reserved
  • 2025-04-08 First Exploit
  • 2025-04-28 CVE Published
  • 2025-05-06 CVE Updated
  • 2025-05-15 EPSS Updated
  • ---------- Exploited in Wild
  • ---------- KEV Due Date
CWE
  • CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  • CWE-150: Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences
CAPEC
Affected Vendors, Products, and Versions
Vendor Product Version Other Status
Vendor Product Version Other Status <-- --> Vendor Product Version Other Status
Apache Software Foundation
Search vendor "Apache Software Foundation"
 Apache Tomcat
Search vendor "Apache Software Foundation" for product "Apache Tomcat"
 >= 11.0.0-M1 <= 11.0.5
Search vendor "Apache Software Foundation" for product "Apache Tomcat" and version " >= 11.0.0-M1 <= 11.0.5"
en
Affected
Apache Software Foundation
Search vendor "Apache Software Foundation"
 Apache Tomcat
Search vendor "Apache Software Foundation" for product "Apache Tomcat"
 >= 10.1.0-M1 <= 10.1.39
Search vendor "Apache Software Foundation" for product "Apache Tomcat" and version " >= 10.1.0-M1 <= 10.1.39"
en
Affected
Apache Software Foundation
Search vendor "Apache Software Foundation"
 Apache Tomcat
Search vendor "Apache Software Foundation" for product "Apache Tomcat"
 >= 9.0.0.M1 <= 9.0.102
Search vendor "Apache Software Foundation" for product "Apache Tomcat" and version " >= 9.0.0.M1 <= 9.0.102"
en
Affected