CVE-2025-49581

XWiki allows remote code execution through default value of wiki macro wiki-type parameters

Severity Score

8.7

*CVSS v4

Exploit Likelihood

*EPSS

Affected Versions

*CPE

Public Exploits

*Multiple Sources

Exploited in Wild

*KEV

Decision

Track*

*SSVC

Descriptions

XWiki is a generic wiki platform. Any user with edit right on a page (could be the user's profile) can execute code (Groovy, Python, Velocity) with programming right by defining a wiki macro. This allows full access to the whole XWiki installation. The main problem is that if a wiki macro parameter allows wiki syntax, its default value is executed with the rights of the author of the document where it is used. This can be exploited by overriding a macro like the children macro that is used in a page that has programming right like the page XWiki.ChildrenMacro and thus allows arbitrary script macros. This vulnerability has been patched in XWiki 16.4.7, 16.10.3 and 17.0.0 by executing wiki parameters with the rights of the wiki macro's author when the parameter's value is the default value.

*Credits: N/A

CVSS Scores

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Attack Requirements

None

Privileges Required

Low

User Interaction

None

System

Vulnerable | Subsequent

Confidentiality

High

None

Integrity

High

None

Availability

High

None

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

High

Integrity

High

Availability

High

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Authentication

None

Confidentiality

Partial

Integrity

Partial

Availability

Partial

* Common Vulnerability Scoring System

SSVC

Decision:Track*

Exploitation

None

Automatable

Tech. Impact

Total

* Organization's Worst-case Scenario

Timeline

2025-06-06 CVE Reserved
2025-06-13 CVE Published
2025-06-13 CVE Updated
2025-07-15 EPSS Updated
---------- Exploited in Wild
---------- KEV Due Date
---------- First Exploit

CWE

CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CWE-250: Execution with Unnecessary Privileges
CWE-270: Privilege Context Switching Error

CAPEC

References (3)

URL	Tag	Source
https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/c99d501ed41cbee6a3c02ff927714531570789de	X_refsource_misc
https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/advisories/GHSA-9875-cw22-f7cx	X_refsource_confirm
https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-22760	X_refsource_misc

URL	Date	SRC

URL	Date	SRC

URL	Date	SRC

Affected Vendors, Products, and Versions

Vendor		Product				Version		Other		Status
Vendor	Product	Version	Other	Status	<-- -->	Vendor	Product	Version	Other	Status
Xwiki Search vendor "Xwiki"		Xwiki-platform Search vendor "Xwiki" for product "Xwiki-platform"				>= 11.10.11 < 12.0 Search vendor "Xwiki" for product "Xwiki-platform" and version " >= 11.10.11 < 12.0"		en		Affected
Xwiki Search vendor "Xwiki"		Xwiki-platform Search vendor "Xwiki" for product "Xwiki-platform"				>= 12.6.3 < 12.7 Search vendor "Xwiki" for product "Xwiki-platform" and version " >= 12.6.3 < 12.7"		en		Affected
Xwiki Search vendor "Xwiki"		Xwiki-platform Search vendor "Xwiki" for product "Xwiki-platform"				>= 12.8.0 < 16.4.7 Search vendor "Xwiki" for product "Xwiki-platform" and version " >= 12.8.0 < 16.4.7"		en		Affected
Xwiki Search vendor "Xwiki"		Xwiki-platform Search vendor "Xwiki" for product "Xwiki-platform"				>= 16.5.0 < 16.10.3 Search vendor "Xwiki" for product "Xwiki-platform" and version " >= 16.5.0 < 16.10.3"		en		Affected
Xwiki Search vendor "Xwiki"		Xwiki-platform Search vendor "Xwiki" for product "Xwiki-platform"				17.0.0 Search vendor "Xwiki" for product "Xwiki-platform" and version "17.0.0"		en		Affected