CVE-2025-52471
ESP-NOW Integer Underflow Vulnerability Advisory
Severity Score
Exploit Likelihood
Affected Versions
Public Exploits
0Exploited in Wild
-Decision
Descriptions
ESF-IDF is the Espressif Internet of Things (IOT) Development Framework. An integer underflow vulnerability has been identified in the ESP-NOW protocol implementation within the ESP Wi-Fi component of versions 5.4.1, 5.3.3, 5.2.5, and 5.1.6 of the ESP-IDF framework. This issue stems from insufficient validation of user-supplied data length in the packet receive function. Under certain conditions, this may lead to out-of-bounds memory access and may allow arbitrary memory write operations. On systems without a memory protection scheme, this behavior could potentially be used to achieve remote code execution (RCE) on the target device. In versions 5.4.2, 5.3.4, 5.2.6, and 5.1.6, ESP-NOW has added more comprehensive validation logic on user-supplied data length during packet reception to prevent integer underflow caused by negative value calculations. For ESP-IDF v5.3 and earlier, a workaround can be applied by validating that the `data_len` parameter received in the RX callback (registered via `esp_now_register_recv_cb()`) is a positive value before further processing. For ESP-IDF v5.4 and later, no application-level workaround is available. Users are advised to upgrade to a patched version of ESP-IDF to take advantage of the built-in mitigation.
CVSS Scores
SSVC
- Decision:Attend
Timeline
- 2025-06-17 CVE Reserved
- 2025-06-24 CVE Published
- 2025-06-24 CVE Updated
- 2025-06-30 EPSS Updated
- ---------- Exploited in Wild
- ---------- KEV Due Date
- ---------- First Exploit
CWE
- CWE-191: Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound)
CAPEC
References (7)
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Affected Vendors, Products, and Versions
Vendor | Product | Version | Other | Status | ||||||
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Vendor | Product | Version | Other | Status | <-- --> | Vendor | Product | Version | Other | Status |
Espressif Search vendor "Espressif" | Esp-idf Search vendor "Espressif" for product "Esp-idf" | 5.4.1 Search vendor "Espressif" for product "Esp-idf" and version "5.4.1" | en |
Affected
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Espressif Search vendor "Espressif" | Esp-idf Search vendor "Espressif" for product "Esp-idf" | 5.3.3 Search vendor "Espressif" for product "Esp-idf" and version "5.3.3" | en |
Affected
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Espressif Search vendor "Espressif" | Esp-idf Search vendor "Espressif" for product "Esp-idf" | 5.2.5 Search vendor "Espressif" for product "Esp-idf" and version "5.2.5" | en |
Affected
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Espressif Search vendor "Espressif" | Esp-idf Search vendor "Espressif" for product "Esp-idf" | 5.1.6 Search vendor "Espressif" for product "Esp-idf" and version "5.1.6" | en |
Affected
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