CVSS: 7.8EPSS: 0%CPEs: 9EXPL: 0CVE-2024-26885 – bpf: Fix DEVMAP_HASH overflow check on 32-bit arches
https://notcve.org/view.php?id=CVE-2024-26885
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Fix DEVMAP_HASH overflow check on 32-bit arches The devmap code allocates a number hash buckets equal to the next power of two of the max_entries value provided when creating the map. When rounding up to the next power of two, the 32-bit variable storing the number of buckets can overflow, and the code checks for overflow by checking if the truncated 32-bit value is equal to 0. However, on 32-bit arches the rounding up itself can overflow mid-way through, because it ends up doing a left-shift of 32 bits on an unsigned long value. If the size of an unsigned long is four bytes, this is undefined behaviour, so there is no guarantee that we'll end up with a nice and tidy 0-value at the end. Syzbot managed to turn this into a crash on arm32 by creating a DEVMAP_HASH with max_entries > 0x80000000 and then trying to update it. Fix this by moving the overflow check to before the rounding up operation. En el kernel de Linux, se resolvió la siguiente vulnerabilidad: bpf: corrige la verificación de desbordamiento de DEVMAP_HASH en arcos de 32 bits. • https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6f9d451ab1a33728adb72d7ff66a7b374d665176 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1f5e352b9088211fa5eb4e1639cd365f4f7d2f65 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/225da02acdc97af01b6bc6ce1a3e5362bf01d3fb https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4b81a9f92b3676cb74b907a7a209b3d15bd9a7f9 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c826502bed93970f2fd488918a7b8d5f1d30e2e3 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/edf7990baa48de5097daa9ac02e06cb4c798a737 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/250051acc21f9d4c5c595e4fcb55986ea08c4691 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/22079b3a423382335f47d9ed32114e6c9 • CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer •
CVSS: 7.8EPSS: 0%CPEs: 9EXPL: 0CVE-2024-26884 – bpf: Fix hashtab overflow check on 32-bit arches
https://notcve.org/view.php?id=CVE-2024-26884
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Fix hashtab overflow check on 32-bit arches The hashtab code relies on roundup_pow_of_two() to compute the number of hash buckets, and contains an overflow check by checking if the resulting value is 0. However, on 32-bit arches, the roundup code itself can overflow by doing a 32-bit left-shift of an unsigned long value, which is undefined behaviour, so it is not guaranteed to truncate neatly. This was triggered by syzbot on the DEVMAP_HASH type, which contains the same check, copied from the hashtab code. So apply the same fix to hashtab, by moving the overflow check to before the roundup. En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: bpf: corrige la comprobación de desbordamiento de hashtab en arcos de 32 bits. • https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/daaf427c6ab392bedcd018e326b2ffa1e1110cd6 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/33ec04cadb77605b71d9298311919303d390c4d5 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/92c81fbb3ed2e0dfc33a4183a67135e1ab566ace https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/64f00b4df0597590b199b62a37a165473bf658a6 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3b08cfc65f07b1132c1979d73f014ae6e04de55d https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a83fdaeaea3677b83a53f72ace2d73a19bcd6d93 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8435f0961bf3dc65e204094349bd9aeaac1f8868 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d817f0d34d927f2deb17dadbfe212c9a6 • CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer CWE-190: Integer Overflow or Wraparound •
CVSS: 7.8EPSS: 0%CPEs: 11EXPL: 0CVE-2024-26883 – bpf: Fix stackmap overflow check on 32-bit arches
https://notcve.org/view.php?id=CVE-2024-26883
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Fix stackmap overflow check on 32-bit arches The stackmap code relies on roundup_pow_of_two() to compute the number of hash buckets, and contains an overflow check by checking if the resulting value is 0. However, on 32-bit arches, the roundup code itself can overflow by doing a 32-bit left-shift of an unsigned long value, which is undefined behaviour, so it is not guaranteed to truncate neatly. This was triggered by syzbot on the DEVMAP_HASH type, which contains the same check, copied from the hashtab code. The commit in the fixes tag actually attempted to fix this, but the fix did not account for the UB, so the fix only works on CPUs where an overflow does result in a neat truncation to zero, which is not guaranteed. Checking the value before rounding does not have this problem. En el kernel de Linux, se resolvió la siguiente vulnerabilidad: bpf: corrige la verificación de desbordamiento del mapa de pila en arcos de 32 bits. • https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/063c722dd9d285d877e6fd499e753d6224f4c046 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7e3a6b820535eb395784060ae26c5af579528fa0 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8032bf2af9ce26b3a362b9711d15f626ab946a74 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6183f4d3a0a2ad230511987c6c362ca43ec0055f https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/253150830a012adfccf90afcebae8fda5b05a80f https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/766107351731ae223ebf60ca22bdfeb47ce6acc8 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d0e214acc59145ce25113f617311aa79dda39cb3 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/21e5fa4688e1a4d3db6b72216231b2423 • CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer •
CVSS: 7.8EPSS: 0%CPEs: 9EXPL: 0CVE-2024-26882 – net: ip_tunnel: make sure to pull inner header in ip_tunnel_rcv()
https://notcve.org/view.php?id=CVE-2024-26882
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: ip_tunnel: make sure to pull inner header in ip_tunnel_rcv() Apply the same fix than ones found in : 8d975c15c0cd ("ip6_tunnel: make sure to pull inner header in __ip6_tnl_rcv()") 1ca1ba465e55 ("geneve: make sure to pull inner header in geneve_rx()") We have to save skb->network_header in a temporary variable in order to be able to recompute the network_header pointer after a pskb_inet_may_pull() call. pskb_inet_may_pull() makes sure the needed headers are in skb->head. syzbot reported: BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in __INET_ECN_decapsulate include/net/inet_ecn.h:253 [inline] BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in INET_ECN_decapsulate include/net/inet_ecn.h:275 [inline] BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in IP_ECN_decapsulate include/net/inet_ecn.h:302 [inline] BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in ip_tunnel_rcv+0xed9/0x2ed0 net/ipv4/ip_tunnel.c:409 __INET_ECN_decapsulate include/net/inet_ecn.h:253 [inline] INET_ECN_decapsulate include/net/inet_ecn.h:275 [inline] IP_ECN_decapsulate include/net/inet_ecn.h:302 [inline] ip_tunnel_rcv+0xed9/0x2ed0 net/ipv4/ip_tunnel.c:409 __ipgre_rcv+0x9bc/0xbc0 net/ipv4/ip_gre.c:389 ipgre_rcv net/ipv4/ip_gre.c:411 [inline] gre_rcv+0x423/0x19f0 net/ipv4/ip_gre.c:447 gre_rcv+0x2a4/0x390 net/ipv4/gre_demux.c:163 ip_protocol_deliver_rcu+0x264/0x1300 net/ipv4/ip_input.c:205 ip_local_deliver_finish+0x2b8/0x440 net/ipv4/ip_input.c:233 NF_HOOK include/linux/netfilter.h:314 [inline] ip_local_deliver+0x21f/0x490 net/ipv4/ip_input.c:254 dst_input include/net/dst.h:461 [inline] ip_rcv_finish net/ipv4/ip_input.c:449 [inline] NF_HOOK include/linux/netfilter.h:314 [inline] ip_rcv+0x46f/0x760 net/ipv4/ip_input.c:569 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5534 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x1a6/0x5a0 net/core/dev.c:5648 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:5734 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x58/0x660 net/core/dev.c:5793 tun_rx_batched+0x3ee/0x980 drivers/net/tun.c:1556 tun_get_user+0x53b9/0x66e0 drivers/net/tun.c:2009 tun_chr_write_iter+0x3af/0x5d0 drivers/net/tun.c:2055 call_write_iter include/linux/fs.h:2087 [inline] new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:497 [inline] vfs_write+0xb6b/0x1520 fs/read_write.c:590 ksys_write+0x20f/0x4c0 fs/read_write.c:643 __do_sys_write fs/read_write.c:655 [inline] __se_sys_write fs/read_write.c:652 [inline] __x64_sys_write+0x93/0xd0 fs/read_write.c:652 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xcf/0x1e0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0x6b Uninit was created at: __alloc_pages+0x9a6/0xe00 mm/page_alloc.c:4590 alloc_pages_mpol+0x62b/0x9d0 mm/mempolicy.c:2133 alloc_pages+0x1be/0x1e0 mm/mempolicy.c:2204 skb_page_frag_refill+0x2bf/0x7c0 net/core/sock.c:2909 tun_build_skb drivers/net/tun.c:1686 [inline] tun_get_user+0xe0a/0x66e0 drivers/net/tun.c:1826 tun_chr_write_iter+0x3af/0x5d0 drivers/net/tun.c:2055 call_write_iter include/linux/fs.h:2087 [inline] new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:497 [inline] vfs_write+0xb6b/0x1520 fs/read_write.c:590 ksys_write+0x20f/0x4c0 fs/read_write.c:643 __do_sys_write fs/read_write.c:655 [inline] __se_sys_write fs/read_write.c:652 [inline] __x64_sys_write+0x93/0xd0 fs/read_write.c:652 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xcf/0x1e0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0x6b En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: net: ip_tunnel: asegúrese de extraer el encabezado interno en ip_tunnel_rcv(). Aplique la misma solución que las encontradas en: 8d975c15c0cd ("ip6_tunnel: asegúrese de extraer el encabezado interno en __ip6_tnl_rcv() ") 1ca1ba465e55 ("geneve: asegúrese de extraer el encabezado interno en geneve_rx()") Tenemos que guardar skb->network_header en una variable temporal para poder volver a calcular el puntero network_header después de una llamada a pskb_inet_may_pull(). pskb_inet_may_pull() se asegura de que los encabezados necesarios estén en skb->head. syzbot informó: ERROR: KMSAN: valor uninit en __INET_ECN_decapsulate include/net/inet_ecn.h:253 [en línea] ERROR: KMSAN: valor uninit en INET_ECN_decapsulate include/net/inet_ecn.h:275 [en línea] ERROR: KMSAN: uninit -valor en IP_ECN_decapsulate include/net/inet_ecn.h:302 [en línea] ERROR: KMSAN: valor uninit en ip_tunnel_rcv+0xed9/0x2ed0 net/ipv4/ip_tunnel.c:409 __INET_ECN_decapsulate include/net/inet_ecn.h:253 [en línea ] INET_ECN_decapsulate include/net/inet_ecn.h:275 [en línea] IP_ECN_decapsulate include/net/inet_ecn.h:302 [en línea] ip_tunnel_rcv+0xed9/0x2ed0 net/ipv4/ip_tunnel.c:409 __ipgre_rcv+0x9bc/0xbc0 net/ipv4/ ip_gre.c:389 ipgre_rcv net/ipv4/ip_gre.c:411 [en línea] gre_rcv+0x423/0x19f0 net/ipv4/ip_gre.c:447 gre_rcv+0x2a4/0x390 net/ipv4/gre_demux.c:163 ip_protocol_deliver_rcu+0x264/ 0x1300 net/ipv4/ip_input.c:205 ip_local_deliver_finish+0x2b8/0x440 net/ipv4/ip_input.c:233 NF_HOOK include/linux/netfilter.h:314 [en línea] ip_local_deliver+0x21f/0x490 net/ipv4/ip_input.c: 254 dst_input include/net/dst.h:461 [en línea] ip_rcv_finish net/ipv4/ip_input.c:449 [en línea] NF_HOOK include/linux/netfilter.h:314 [en línea] ip_rcv+0x46f/0x760 net/ipv4/ip_input .c:569 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5534 [en línea] __netif_receive_skb+0x1a6/0x5a0 net/core/dev.c:5648 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:5734 [en línea] neto /core/dev.c:5793 tun_rx_batched+0x3ee/0x980 controladores/net/tun.c:1556 tun_get_user+0x53b9/0x66e0 controladores/net/tun.c:2009 tun_chr_write_iter+0x3af/0x5d0 controladores/net/tun.c:2055 call_write_iter include/linux/fs.h:2087 [en línea] new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:497 [en línea] vfs_write+0xb6b/0x1520 fs/read_write.c:590 ksys_write+0x20f/0x4c0 fs/read_write.c:643 __do_sys_write fs /read_write.c:655 [en línea] __se_sys_write fs/read_write.c:652 [en línea] __x64_sys_write+0x93/0xd0 fs/read_write.c:652 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [en línea] do_syscall_64+0xcf /0x1e0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83 Entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0x6b Uninit se creó en: __alloc_pages+0x9a6/0xe00 mm/page_alloc.c:4590 alloc_pages_mpol+0x62b/0x9d0 mm/mempolicy.c:2133 alloc_pages+ 0x1be /0x1e0 mm/mempolicy.c:2204 skb_page_frag_refill+0x2bf/0x7c0 net/core/sock.c:2909 tun_build_skb drivers/net/tun.c:1686 [en línea] tun_get_user+0xe0a/0x66e0 drivers/net/tun.c:1826 tun_chr_write_iter+0x3af/0x5d0 drivers/net/tun.c:2055 call_write_iter include/linux/fs.h:2087 [en línea] new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:497 [en línea] vfs_write+0xb6b/0x1520 fs/read_write.c:590 ksys_write+0x20f/0x4c0 fs/read_write.c:643 __do_sys_write fs/read_write.c:655 [en línea] __se_sys_write fs/read_write.c:652 [en línea] __x64_sys_write+0x93/0xd0 fs/read_write.c:652 do_syscall_x64 arch /x86 /entry/common.c:52 [en línea] do_syscall_64+0xcf/0x1e0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83 Entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0x6b • https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c54419321455631079c7d6e60bc732dd0c5914c5 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/27c1c98bd3b44b7c5f5c0ecfe1a1ec1240b73829 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ec6bb01e02cbd47781dd90775b631a1dc4bd9d2b https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/77fd5294ea09b21f6772ac954a121b87323cec80 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5c03387021cfa3336b97e0dcba38029917a8af2a https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/60044ab84836359534bd7153b92e9c1584140e4a https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c4c857723b37c20651300b3de4ff25059848b4b0 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f6723d8dbfdc10c784a56748f86a9a3cd • CWE-158: Improper Neutralization of Null Byte or NUL Character •
CVSS: 5.5EPSS: 0%CPEs: 6EXPL: 0CVE-2024-26881 – net: hns3: fix kernel crash when 1588 is received on HIP08 devices
https://notcve.org/view.php?id=CVE-2024-26881
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: hns3: fix kernel crash when 1588 is received on HIP08 devices The HIP08 devices does not register the ptp devices, so the hdev->ptp is NULL, but the hardware can receive 1588 messages, and set the HNS3_RXD_TS_VLD_B bit, so, if match this case, the access of hdev->ptp->flags will cause a kernel crash: [ 5888.946472] Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000018 [ 5888.946475] Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000018 ... [ 5889.266118] pc : hclge_ptp_get_rx_hwts+0x40/0x170 [hclge] [ 5889.272612] lr : hclge_ptp_get_rx_hwts+0x34/0x170 [hclge] [ 5889.279101] sp : ffff800012c3bc50 [ 5889.283516] x29: ffff800012c3bc50 x28: ffff2040002be040 [ 5889.289927] x27: ffff800009116484 x26: 0000000080007500 [ 5889.296333] x25: 0000000000000000 x24: ffff204001c6f000 [ 5889.302738] x23: ffff204144f53c00 x22: 0000000000000000 [ 5889.309134] x21: 0000000000000000 x20: ffff204004220080 [ 5889.315520] x19: ffff204144f53c00 x18: 0000000000000000 [ 5889.321897] x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000000 [ 5889.328263] x15: 0000004000140ec8 x14: 0000000000000000 [ 5889.334617] x13: 0000000000000000 x12: 00000000010011df [ 5889.340965] x11: bbfeff4d22000000 x10: 0000000000000000 [ 5889.347303] x9 : ffff800009402124 x8 : 0200f78811dfbb4d [ 5889.353637] x7 : 2200000000191b01 x6 : ffff208002a7d480 [ 5889.359959] x5 : 0000000000000000 x4 : 0000000000000000 [ 5889.366271] x3 : 0000000000000000 x2 : 0000000000000000 [ 5889.372567] x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : ffff20400095c080 [ 5889.378857] Call trace: [ 5889.382285] hclge_ptp_get_rx_hwts+0x40/0x170 [hclge] [ 5889.388304] hns3_handle_bdinfo+0x324/0x410 [hns3] [ 5889.394055] hns3_handle_rx_bd+0x60/0x150 [hns3] [ 5889.399624] hns3_clean_rx_ring+0x84/0x170 [hns3] [ 5889.405270] hns3_nic_common_poll+0xa8/0x220 [hns3] [ 5889.411084] napi_poll+0xcc/0x264 [ 5889.415329] net_rx_action+0xd4/0x21c [ 5889.419911] __do_softirq+0x130/0x358 [ 5889.424484] irq_exit+0x134/0x154 [ 5889.428700] __handle_domain_irq+0x88/0xf0 [ 5889.433684] gic_handle_irq+0x78/0x2c0 [ 5889.438319] el1_irq+0xb8/0x140 [ 5889.442354] arch_cpu_idle+0x18/0x40 [ 5889.446816] default_idle_call+0x5c/0x1c0 [ 5889.451714] cpuidle_idle_call+0x174/0x1b0 [ 5889.456692] do_idle+0xc8/0x160 [ 5889.460717] cpu_startup_entry+0x30/0xfc [ 5889.465523] secondary_start_kernel+0x158/0x1ec [ 5889.470936] Code: 97ffab78 f9411c14 91408294 f9457284 (f9400c80) [ 5889.477950] SMP: stopping secondary CPUs [ 5890.514626] SMP: failed to stop secondary CPUs 0-69,71-95 [ 5890.522951] Starting crashdump kernel... En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: net: hns3: soluciona el fallo del kernel cuando se recibe 1588 en dispositivos HIP08 Los dispositivos HIP08 no registran los dispositivos ptp, por lo que hdev->ptp es NULL, pero el hardware puede recibir 1588 y configure el bit HNS3_RXD_TS_VLD_B, por lo que, si coincide con este caso, el acceso a hdev->ptp->flags provocará una falla del kernel: [5888.946472] No se puede manejar la desreferencia del puntero NULL del kernel en la dirección virtual 00000000000000018 [5888.946475] No se puede para manejar la desreferencia del puntero NULL del kernel en la dirección virtual 0000000000000018 ... [ 5889.266118 ] pc : hclge_ptp_get_rx_hwts+0x40/0x170 [hclge] [ 5889.272612] lr : hclge_ptp_get_rx_hwts+0x34/0x170 ge] [5889.279101] sp: ffff800012c3bc50 [5889.283516] x29: ffff800012c3bc50 x28: ffff2040002be040 [ 5889.289927] x27: ffff800009116484 x26: 0000000080007500 [ 5889.296333] x25: 0000000000000000 x24 : ffff204001c6f000 [ 5889.302738] x23: ffff204144f53c00 x22: 0000000000000000 [ 5889.309134] x21: 0000000000000000 x20: ffff204004220080 [ 5889.315520] x19: ffff204144f53c00 x18: 0000000000000000 [ 5889.321897] x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000000 [ 5889.328263] x15: 0000004000140ec8 x14: 0000000000000000 [ 5889.334617] x13: 0000000000000000 x12: 00000000010011df [5889.340965] x11: bbfeff4d22000000 x10: 00000000000000000 [5889.347303] x9: ffff8000094021 24 x8: 0200f78811dfbb4d [5889.353637] x7: 2200000000191b01 x6: FFFF208002A7D480 [5889.359959] x5: 000000000000000000 X4: 0000000000000000 [5889.366271] x3: 0000000000000000 X2: 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 ABRIBA 80 [5889.378857] Lista de llamada: [5889.382285] HCLGE_PTP_GET_RX_HWTS+0x40/0x170 [HCLGE] [5889.388304] hns3_handle_bdinfo+0x324/0x410 [hns3] [ 5889.394055] hns3_handle_rx_bd+0x60/0x150 [hns3] [ 5889.399624] hns3_clean_rx_ring+0x84/0x170 [hns3] [ 0] hns3_nic_common_poll+0xa8/0x220 [hns3] [ 5889.411084] napi_poll+0xcc/0x264 [ 5889.415329] net_rx_action+0xd4/0x21c [ 5889.419911] __do_softirq+0x130/0x358 [ 5889.424484] irq_exit+0x134/0x154 [ 5889.428700] 0xf0 [ 5889.433684] gic_handle_irq+0x78/0x2c0 [ 5889.438319] el1_irq+0xb8/0x140 [ 5889.442354] arch_cpu_idle+0x18/0x40 [ 5889.446816] default_idle_call+0x5c/0x1c0 [ 5889.451714] cpuidle_idle_call+0x174/0x1b0 [ 5889.456692] do_idle+0xc8/0x160 [ 5889.46071 7] cpu_startup_entry+0x30/0xfc [ 5889.465523] second_start_kernel+0x158/0x1ec [ 5889.470936] Código: 97ffab78 f9411c14 91408294 f9457284 (f9400c80) [5889.477950] SMP: deteniendo las CPU secundarias [5890.514626] SMP: no se pudieron detener las CPU secundarias 0-69,71-95 [5890.522951] Iniciando el kernel de crashdump... • https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0bf5eb788512187b744ef7f79de835e6cbe85b9c https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/23ec1cec24293f9799c725941677d4e167997265 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b3cf70472a600bcb2efe24906bc9bc6014d4c6f6 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f0b5225a7dfc1bf53c98215db8c2f0b4efd3f108 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b2bb19114c079dcfec1ea46e761f510e30505e70 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/11b998360d96f6c76f04a95f54b49f24d3c858e4 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0fbcf2366ba9888cf02eda23e35fde7f7fcc07c3 • CWE-476: NULL Pointer Dereference •