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CVSS: -EPSS: 0%CPEs: 8EXPL: 0

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: llc: Drop support for ETH_P_TR_802_2. syzbot reported an uninit-value bug below. [0] llc supports ETH_P_802_2 (0x0004) and used to support ETH_P_TR_802_2 (0x0011), and syzbot abused the latter to trigger the bug. write$tun(r0, &(0x7f0000000040)={@val={0x0, 0x11}, @val, @mpls={[], @llc={@snap={0xaa, 0x1, ')', "90e5dd"}}}}, 0x16) llc_conn_handler() initialises local variables {saddr,daddr}.mac based on skb in llc_pdu_decode_sa()/llc_pdu_decode_da() and passes them to __llc_lookup(). However, the initialisation is done only when skb->protocol is htons(ETH_P_802_2), otherwise, __llc_lookup_established() and __llc_lookup_listener() will read garbage. The missing initialisation existed prior to commit 211ed865108e ("net: delete all instances of special processing for token ring"). It removed the part to kick out the token ring stuff but forgot to close the door allowing ETH_P_TR_802_2 packets to sneak into llc_rcv(). Let's remove llc_tr_packet_type and complete the deprecation. [0]: BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in __llc_lookup_established+0xe9d/0xf90 __llc_lookup_established+0xe9d/0xf90 __llc_lookup net/llc/llc_conn.c:611 [inline] llc_conn_handler+0x4bd/0x1360 net/llc/llc_conn.c:791 llc_rcv+0xfbb/0x14a0 net/llc/llc_input.c:206 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5527 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x1a6/0x5a0 net/core/dev.c:5641 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:5727 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x58/0x660 net/core/dev.c:5786 tun_rx_batched+0x3ee/0x980 drivers/net/tun.c:1555 tun_get_user+0x53af/0x66d0 drivers/net/tun.c:2002 tun_chr_write_iter+0x3af/0x5d0 drivers/net/tun.c:2048 call_write_iter include/linux/fs.h:2020 [inline] new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:491 [inline] vfs_write+0x8ef/0x1490 fs/read_write.c:584 ksys_write+0x20f/0x4c0 fs/read_write.c:637 __do_sys_write fs/read_write.c:649 [inline] __se_sys_write fs/read_write.c:646 [inline] __x64_sys_write+0x93/0xd0 fs/read_write.c:646 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:51 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x44/0x110 arch/x86/entry/common.c:82 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0x6b Local variable daddr created at: llc_conn_handler+0x53/0x1360 net/llc/llc_conn.c:783 llc_rcv+0xfbb/0x14a0 net/llc/llc_input.c:206 CPU: 1 PID: 5004 Comm: syz-executor994 Not tainted 6.6.0-syzkaller-14500-g1c41041124bd #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/09/2023 En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: llc: Eliminación del soporte para ETH_P_TR_802_2. syzbot informó un error de valor uninit a continuación. [0] llc admite ETH_P_802_2 (0x0004) y solía admitir ETH_P_TR_802_2 (0x0011), y syzbot abusó de este último para desencadenar el error. escribir$tun(r0, &(0x7f0000000040)={@val={0x0, 0x11}, @val, @mpls={[], @llc={@snap={0xaa, 0x1, ')', "90e5dd" }}}}, 0x16) llc_conn_handler() inicializa las variables locales {saddr,daddr}.mac basadas en skb en llc_pdu_decode_sa()/llc_pdu_decode_da() y las pasa a __llc_lookup(). Sin embargo, la inicialización se realiza solo cuando skb->protocol es htons(ETH_P_802_2); de lo contrario, __llc_lookup_establecido() y __llc_lookup_listener() leerán basura. La inicialización faltante existía antes de el commit 211ed865108e ("net: eliminar todas las instancias de procesamiento especial para Token Ring"). Quitó la parte para expulsar el token ring, pero se olvidó de cerrar la puerta permitiendo que los paquetes ETH_P_TR_802_2 se colaran en llc_rcv(). Eliminemos llc_tr_packet_type y completemos la desaprobación. [0]: ERROR: KMSAN: valor uninit en __llc_lookup_establecido+0xe9d/0xf90 __llc_lookup_establecido+0xe9d/0xf90 __llc_lookup net/llc/llc_conn.c:611 [en línea] llc_conn_handler+0x4bd/0x1360 net/llc/llc_conn.c:79 1 llc_rcv +0xfbb/0x14a0 net/llc/llc_input.c:206 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5527 [en línea] __netif_receive_skb+0x1a6/0x5a0 net/core/dev.c:5641 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:5727 [en línea] netif_receive_skb+0x58/0x660 net/core/dev.c:5786 tun_rx_batched+0x3ee/0x980 drivers/net/tun.c:1555 tun_get_user+0x53af/0x66d0 drivers/net/tun.c:2002 tun_chr_write_iter+0x3af/0x5d0 drivers/net/tun.c:2048 call_write_iter include/linux/fs.h:2020 [en línea] new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:491 [en línea] vfs_write+0x8ef/0x1490 fs/read_write.c:584 ksys_write+0x20f/0x4c0 fs/read_write.c:637 __do_sys_write fs/read_write.c:649 [en línea] __se_sys_write fs/read_write.c:646 [en línea] __x64_sys_write+0x93/0xd0 fs/read_write.c:646 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common. c: 51 [en línea] do_syscall_64+0x44/0x110 arch/x86/entry/comunes.c: 82 entry_syscall_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0x6b local variable daddr creado FBB /0x14a0 net/llc/llc_input.c:206 CPU: 1 PID: 5004 Comm: syz-executor994 No contaminado 6.6.0-syzkaller-14500-g1c41041124bd #0 Nombre de hardware: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10 /09/2023 • https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/211ed865108e24697b44bee5daac502ee6bdd4a4 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/165ad1e22779685c3ed3dd349c6c4c632309cc62 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b8e8838f82f332ae80c643dbb1ca4418d0628097 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9ccdef19cf9497c2803b005369668feb91cacdfd https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c0fe2fe7a5a291dfcf6dc64301732c8d3dc6a828 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/660c3053d992b68fee893a0e9ec9159228cffdc6 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f1f34a515fb1e25e85dee94f781e7869ae351fb8 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/df57fc2f2abf548aa889a36ab0bdcc94a •

CVSS: -EPSS: 0%CPEs: 6EXPL: 0

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: crypto: lib/mpi - Fix unexpected pointer access in mpi_ec_init When the mpi_ec_ctx structure is initialized, some fields are not cleared, causing a crash when referencing the field when the structure was released. Initially, this issue was ignored because memory for mpi_ec_ctx is allocated with the __GFP_ZERO flag. For example, this error will be triggered when calculating the Za value for SM2 separately. En el kernel de Linux, se resolvió la siguiente vulnerabilidad: crypto: lib/mpi: corrige el acceso inesperado al puntero en mpi_ec_init Cuando se inicializa la estructura mpi_ec_ctx, algunos campos no se borran, lo que provoca un bloqueo al hacer referencia al campo cuando se lanzó la estructura. Inicialmente, este problema se ignoró porque la memoria para mpi_ec_ctx se asigna con el indicador __GFP_ZERO. Por ejemplo, este error se activará al calcular el valor Za para SM2 por separado. • https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d58bb7e55a8a65894cc02f27c3e2bf9403e7c40f https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0c3687822259a7628c85cd21a3445cbe3c367165 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2bb86817b33c9d704e127f92b838035a72c315b6 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bb44477d4506e52785693a39f03cdc6a2c5e8598 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7ebf812b7019fd2d4d5a7ca45ef4bf3a6f4bda0a https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7abdfd45a650c714d5ebab564bb1b988f14d9b49 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ba3c5574203034781ac4231acf117da917efcd2a https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/06/ •

CVSS: 4.4EPSS: 0%CPEs: 8EXPL: 0

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: hwrng: core - Fix page fault dead lock on mmap-ed hwrng There is a dead-lock in the hwrng device read path. This triggers when the user reads from /dev/hwrng into memory also mmap-ed from /dev/hwrng. The resulting page fault triggers a recursive read which then dead-locks. Fix this by using a stack buffer when calling copy_to_user. En el kernel de Linux, se resolvió la siguiente vulnerabilidad: hwrng: core: soluciona el bloqueo de falla de página en mmap-ed hwrng Hay un bloqueo en la ruta de lectura del dispositivo hwrng. Esto se activa cuando el usuario lee desde /dev/hwrng en la memoria y también realiza mmap-ed desde /dev/hwrng. • https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9996508b3353063f2d6c48c1a28a84543d72d70b https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eafd83b92f6c044007a3591cbd476bcf90455990 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5030d4c798863ccb266563201b341a099e8cdd48 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c6a8111aacbfe7a8a70f46cc0de8eed00561693c https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/26cc6d7006f922df6cc4389248032d955750b2a0 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aa8aa16ed9adf1df05bb339d588cf485a011839e https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ecabe8cd456d3bf81e92c53b074732f3140f170d https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6822a14271786150e178869f1495cc03e • CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption •

CVSS: 4.4EPSS: 0%CPEs: 6EXPL: 0

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: PM / devfreq: Fix buffer overflow in trans_stat_show Fix buffer overflow in trans_stat_show(). Convert simple snprintf to the more secure scnprintf with size of PAGE_SIZE. Add condition checking if we are exceeding PAGE_SIZE and exit early from loop. Also add at the end a warning that we exceeded PAGE_SIZE and that stats is disabled. Return -EFBIG in the case where we don't have enough space to write the full transition table. Also document in the ABI that this function can return -EFBIG error. En el kernel de Linux se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: PM / devfreq: Arreglar desbordamiento de búfer en trans_stat_show Arreglar desbordamiento de búfer en trans_stat_show(). Convierta snprintf simple en scnprintf más seguro con un tamaño de PAGE_SIZE. Agregue verificación de condiciones si excedemos PAGE_SIZE y salga temprano del ciclo. • https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e552bbaf5b987f57c43e6981a452b8a3c700b1ae https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/087de000e4f8c878c81d9dd3725f00a1d292980c https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/796d3fad8c35ee9df9027899fb90ceaeb41b958f https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8a7729cda2dd276d7a3994638038fb89035b6f2c https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a979f56aa4b93579cf0e4265ae04d7e9300fd3e8 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eaef4650fa2050147ca25fd7ee43bc0082e03c87 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/08e23d05fa6dc4fc13da0ccf09defdd4bbc92ff4 https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/06/ • CWE-121: Stack-based Buffer Overflow •

CVSS: 5.5EPSS: 0%CPEs: 15EXPL: 0

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ip6_tunnel: fix NEXTHDR_FRAGMENT handling in ip6_tnl_parse_tlv_enc_lim() syzbot pointed out [1] that NEXTHDR_FRAGMENT handling is broken. Reading frag_off can only be done if we pulled enough bytes to skb->head. Currently we might access garbage. [1] BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in ip6_tnl_parse_tlv_enc_lim+0x94f/0xbb0 ip6_tnl_parse_tlv_enc_lim+0x94f/0xbb0 ipxip6_tnl_xmit net/ipv6/ip6_tunnel.c:1326 [inline] ip6_tnl_start_xmit+0xab2/0x1a70 net/ipv6/ip6_tunnel.c:1432 __netdev_start_xmit include/linux/netdevice.h:4940 [inline] netdev_start_xmit include/linux/netdevice.h:4954 [inline] xmit_one net/core/dev.c:3548 [inline] dev_hard_start_xmit+0x247/0xa10 net/core/dev.c:3564 __dev_queue_xmit+0x33b8/0x5130 net/core/dev.c:4349 dev_queue_xmit include/linux/netdevice.h:3134 [inline] neigh_connected_output+0x569/0x660 net/core/neighbour.c:1592 neigh_output include/net/neighbour.h:542 [inline] ip6_finish_output2+0x23a9/0x2b30 net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:137 ip6_finish_output+0x855/0x12b0 net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:222 NF_HOOK_COND include/linux/netfilter.h:303 [inline] ip6_output+0x323/0x610 net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:243 dst_output include/net/dst.h:451 [inline] ip6_local_out+0xe9/0x140 net/ipv6/output_core.c:155 ip6_send_skb net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:1952 [inline] ip6_push_pending_frames+0x1f9/0x560 net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:1972 rawv6_push_pending_frames+0xbe8/0xdf0 net/ipv6/raw.c:582 rawv6_sendmsg+0x2b66/0x2e70 net/ipv6/raw.c:920 inet_sendmsg+0x105/0x190 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:847 sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:730 [inline] __sock_sendmsg net/socket.c:745 [inline] ____sys_sendmsg+0x9c2/0xd60 net/socket.c:2584 ___sys_sendmsg+0x28d/0x3c0 net/socket.c:2638 __sys_sendmsg net/socket.c:2667 [inline] __do_sys_sendmsg net/socket.c:2676 [inline] __se_sys_sendmsg net/socket.c:2674 [inline] __x64_sys_sendmsg+0x307/0x490 net/socket.c:2674 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x44/0x110 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0x6b Uninit was created at: slab_post_alloc_hook+0x129/0xa70 mm/slab.h:768 slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:3478 [inline] __kmem_cache_alloc_node+0x5c9/0x970 mm/slub.c:3517 __do_kmalloc_node mm/slab_common.c:1006 [inline] __kmalloc_node_track_caller+0x118/0x3c0 mm/slab_common.c:1027 kmalloc_reserve+0x249/0x4a0 net/core/skbuff.c:582 pskb_expand_head+0x226/0x1a00 net/core/skbuff.c:2098 __pskb_pull_tail+0x13b/0x2310 net/core/skbuff.c:2655 pskb_may_pull_reason include/linux/skbuff.h:2673 [inline] pskb_may_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2681 [inline] ip6_tnl_parse_tlv_enc_lim+0x901/0xbb0 net/ipv6/ip6_tunnel.c:408 ipxip6_tnl_xmit net/ipv6/ip6_tunnel.c:1326 [inline] ip6_tnl_start_xmit+0xab2/0x1a70 net/ipv6/ip6_tunnel.c:1432 __netdev_start_xmit include/linux/netdevice.h:4940 [inline] netdev_start_xmit include/linux/netdevice.h:4954 [inline] xmit_one net/core/dev.c:3548 [inline] dev_hard_start_xmit+0x247/0xa10 net/core/dev.c:3564 __dev_queue_xmit+0x33b8/0x5130 net/core/dev.c:4349 dev_queue_xmit include/linux/netdevice.h:3134 [inline] neigh_connected_output+0x569/0x660 net/core/neighbour.c:1592 neigh_output include/net/neighbour.h:542 [inline] ip6_finish_output2+0x23a9/0x2b30 net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:137 ip6_finish_output+0x855/0x12b0 net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:222 NF_HOOK_COND include/linux/netfilter.h:303 [inline] ip6_output+0x323/0x610 net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:243 dst_output include/net/dst.h:451 [inline] ip6_local_out+0xe9/0x140 net/ipv6/output_core.c:155 ip6_send_skb net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:1952 [inline] ip6_push_pending_frames+0x1f9/0x560 net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:1972 rawv6_push_pending_frames+0xbe8/0xdf0 net/ipv6/raw.c:582 rawv6_sendmsg+0x2b66/0x2e70 net/ipv6/raw.c:920 inet_sendmsg+0x105/0x190 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:847 sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:730 [inline] __sock_sendmsg net/socket.c:745 [inline] ____sys_sendmsg+0x9c2/0xd60 net/socket.c:2584 ___sys_sendmsg+0x28d/0x3c0 net/socket.c:2638 __sys_sendmsg net/socket.c:2667 [inline] __do_sys_sendms ---truncated--- En el kernel de Linux, se resolvió la siguiente vulnerabilidad: ip6_tunnel: corrige el manejo de NEXTHDR_FRAGMENT en ip6_tnl_parse_tlv_enc_lim() syzbot señaló [1] que el manejo de NEXTHDR_FRAGMENT no funciona. La lectura de frag_off solo se puede realizar si extraemos suficientes bytes para skb->head. Actualmente podríamos acceder a basura. [1] ERROR: KMSAN: valor uninit en ip6_tnl_parse_tlv_enc_lim+0x94f/0xbb0 ip6_tnl_parse_tlv_enc_lim+0x94f/0xbb0 ipxip6_tnl_xmit net/ipv6/ip6_tunnel.c:1326 [en línea] ip6_tnl_start_xmit+0x ab2/0x1a70 net/ipv6/ip6_tunnel.c:1432 __netdev_start_xmit incluye /linux/netdevice.h:4940 [en línea] netdev_start_xmit include/linux/netdevice.h:4954 [en línea] xmit_one net/core/dev.c:3548 [en línea] dev_hard_start_xmit+0x247/0xa10 net/core/dev.c: 3564 __dev_queue_xmit+0x33b8/0x5130 net/core/dev.c:4349 dev_queue_xmit include/linux/netdevice.h:3134 [en línea] neigh_connected_output+0x569/0x660 net/core/neighbour.c:1592 neigh_output include/net/neighbour.h :542 [en línea] ip6_finish_output2+0x23a9/0x2b30 net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:137 ip6_finish_output+0x855/0x12b0 net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:222 NF_HOOK_COND include/linux/netfilter.h:303 [en línea] ip6_output+0x3 23/ 0x610 net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:243 dst_output include/net/dst.h:451 [en línea] ip6_local_out+0xe9/0x140 net/ipv6/output_core.c:155 ip6_send_skb net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:1952 [en línea] ip6_push_pending_frames+0x1f9/0x560 net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:1972 rawv6_push_pending_frames+0xbe8/0xdf0 net/ipv6/raw.c:582 rawv6_sendmsg+0x2b66/0x2e70 net/ipv6/raw.c:920 inet_sendmsg+0 x105/0x190 neto/ipv4 /af_inet.c:847 sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:730 [en línea] __sock_sendmsg net/socket.c:745 [en línea] ____sys_sendmsg+0x9c2/0xd60 net/socket.c:2584 ___sys_sendmsg+0x28d/0x3c0 net/socket.c :2638 __sys_sendmsg net/socket.c:2667 [en línea] __do_sys_sendmsg net/socket.c:2676 [en línea] __se_sys_sendmsg net/socket.c:2674 [en línea] __x64_sys_sendmsg+0x307/0x490 net/socket.c:267 4 do_syscall_x64 arco/ x86/entry/common.c:52 [en línea] do_syscall_64+0x44/0x110 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83 Entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0x6b Uninit se creó en: slab_post_alloc_hook+0x129/0xa70 mm/slab.h:768 slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:3478 [en línea] __kmem_cache_alloc_node+0x5c9/0x970 mm/slub.c:3517 __do_kmalloc_node mm/slab_common.c:1006 [en línea] __kmalloc_node_track_caller+0x118/0x3c0 mm/slab_common.c :1027 kmalloc_reserve+0x249/ 0x4a0 net/core/skbuff.c:582 pskb_expand_head+0x226/0x1a00 net/core/skbuff.c:2098 __pskb_pull_tail+0x13b/0x2310 net/core/skbuff.c:2655 pskb_may_pull_reason include/linux/skbuff.h:2673 [en línea ] pskb_may_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2681 [en línea] ip6_tnl_parse_tlv_enc_lim+0x901/0xbb0 net/ipv6/ip6_tunnel.c:408 ipxip6_tnl_xmit net/ipv6/ip6_tunnel.c:1326 [en línea] ip6_tnl_start_xmit+0xab 2/0x1a70 neto/ipv6/ ip6_tunnel.c:1432 __netdev_start_xmit include/linux/netdevice.h:4940 [en línea] netdev_start_xmit include/linux/netdevice.h:4954 [en línea] xmit_one net/core/dev.c:3548 [en línea] dev_hard_start_xmit+0x247/0xa10 net /core/dev.c:3564 __dev_queue_xmit+0x33b8/0x5130 net/core/dev.c:4349 dev_queue_xmit include/linux/netdevice.h:3134 [en línea] neigh_connected_output+0x569/0x660 net/core/neighbour.c:1592 neigh_output include/net/neighbour.h:542 [en línea] ip6_finish_output2+0x23a9/0x2b30 net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:137 ip6_finish_output+0x855/0x12b0 net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:222 NF_HOOK_COND include/linux/netfilter.h:303 [en línea] ip6_output+0x323/0x610 net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:243 dst_output include/net/dst.h:451 [en línea] ip6_local_out+0xe9/0x140 net/ipv6/output_core.c:155 ip6_send_skb net/ipv6/ip6_output .c:1952 [en línea] ip6_push_pending_frames+0x1f9/0x560 net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:1972 rawv6_push_pending_frames+0xbe8/0xdf0 net/ipv6/raw.c:582 rawv6_sendmsg+0x2b66/0x2e70 net/ipv6/raw.c:9 20 inet_sendmsg +0x105/0x190 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:847 sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:730 [en línea] __sock_sendmsg net/socket.c:745 [en línea]---truncado--- • https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fbfa743a9d2a0ffa24251764f10afc13eb21e739 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a6f6bb6bc04a5f88a31f47a6123d3fbf5ee8d694 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/72bbf335e7aad09c88c50dbdd238f4faabd12174 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/decccc92ee0a978a1c268b5df16824cb6384ed3c https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d3d9b59ab32160e3cc4edcf7e5fa7cecb53a7d25 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d397f7035d2c754781bbe93b07b94d8cd898620c https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/41e07a7e01d951cfd4c9a7dac90c921269d89513 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a7fe4e5d06338e1a82b1977eca3740095 • CWE-20: Improper Input Validation •