CVSS: -EPSS: 0%CPEs: 7EXPL: 0CVE-2024-26895 – wifi: wilc1000: prevent use-after-free on vif when cleaning up all interfaces
https://notcve.org/view.php?id=CVE-2024-26895
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: wilc1000: prevent use-after-free on vif when cleaning up all interfaces wilc_netdev_cleanup currently triggers a KASAN warning, which can be observed on interface registration error path, or simply by removing the module/unbinding device from driver: echo spi0.1 > /sys/bus/spi/drivers/wilc1000_spi/unbind ================================================================== BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in wilc_netdev_cleanup+0x508/0x5cc Read of size 4 at addr c54d1ce8 by task sh/86 CPU: 0 PID: 86 Comm: sh Not tainted 6.8.0-rc1+ #117 Hardware name: Atmel SAMA5 unwind_backtrace from show_stack+0x18/0x1c show_stack from dump_stack_lvl+0x34/0x58 dump_stack_lvl from print_report+0x154/0x500 print_report from kasan_report+0xac/0xd8 kasan_report from wilc_netdev_cleanup+0x508/0x5cc wilc_netdev_cleanup from wilc_bus_remove+0xc8/0xec wilc_bus_remove from spi_remove+0x8c/0xac spi_remove from device_release_driver_internal+0x434/0x5f8 device_release_driver_internal from unbind_store+0xbc/0x108 unbind_store from kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x398/0x584 kernfs_fop_write_iter from vfs_write+0x728/0xf88 vfs_write from ksys_write+0x110/0x1e4 ksys_write from ret_fast_syscall+0x0/0x1c [...] Allocated by task 1: kasan_save_track+0x30/0x5c __kasan_kmalloc+0x8c/0x94 __kmalloc_node+0x1cc/0x3e4 kvmalloc_node+0x48/0x180 alloc_netdev_mqs+0x68/0x11dc alloc_etherdev_mqs+0x28/0x34 wilc_netdev_ifc_init+0x34/0x8ec wilc_cfg80211_init+0x690/0x910 wilc_bus_probe+0xe0/0x4a0 spi_probe+0x158/0x1b0 really_probe+0x270/0xdf4 __driver_probe_device+0x1dc/0x580 driver_probe_device+0x60/0x140 __driver_attach+0x228/0x5d4 bus_for_each_dev+0x13c/0x1a8 bus_add_driver+0x2a0/0x608 driver_register+0x24c/0x578 do_one_initcall+0x180/0x310 kernel_init_freeable+0x424/0x484 kernel_init+0x20/0x148 ret_from_fork+0x14/0x28 Freed by task 86: kasan_save_track+0x30/0x5c kasan_save_free_info+0x38/0x58 __kasan_slab_free+0xe4/0x140 kfree+0xb0/0x238 device_release+0xc0/0x2a8 kobject_put+0x1d4/0x46c netdev_run_todo+0x8fc/0x11d0 wilc_netdev_cleanup+0x1e4/0x5cc wilc_bus_remove+0xc8/0xec spi_remove+0x8c/0xac device_release_driver_internal+0x434/0x5f8 unbind_store+0xbc/0x108 kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x398/0x584 vfs_write+0x728/0xf88 ksys_write+0x110/0x1e4 ret_fast_syscall+0x0/0x1c [...] David Mosberger-Tan initial investigation [1] showed that this use-after-free is due to netdevice unregistration during vif list traversal. When unregistering a net device, since the needs_free_netdev has been set to true during registration, the netdevice object is also freed, and as a consequence, the corresponding vif object too, since it is attached to it as private netdevice data. The next occurrence of the loop then tries to access freed vif pointer to the list to move forward in the list. Fix this use-after-free thanks to two mechanisms: - navigate in the list with list_for_each_entry_safe, which allows to safely modify the list as we go through each element. For each element, remove it from the list with list_del_rcu - make sure to wait for RCU grace period end after each vif removal to make sure it is safe to free the corresponding vif too (through unregister_netdev) Since we are in a RCU "modifier" path (not a "reader" path), and because such path is expected not to be concurrent to any other modifier (we are using the vif_mutex lock), we do not need to use RCU list API, that's why we can benefit from list_for_each_entry_safe. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-wireless/ab077dbe58b1ea5de0a3b2ca21f275a07af967d2.camel@egauge.net/ En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: wifi: wilc1000: evita el use-after-free en vif al limpiar todas las interfaces wilc_netdev_cleanup activa actualmente una advertencia KASAN, que se puede observar en la ruta del error de registro de la interfaz, o simplemente eliminando el módulo/dispositivo de desvinculación del controlador: echo spi0.1 > /sys/bus/spi/drivers/wilc1000_spi/unbind ========================== ========================================= ERROR: KASAN: uso de losa después -free en wilc_netdev_cleanup+0x508/0x5cc Lectura de tamaño 4 en addr c54d1ce8 por tarea sh/86 CPU: 0 PID: 86 Comm: sh Not tainted 6.8.0-rc1+ #117 Nombre de hardware: Atmel SAMA5 unwind_backtrace from show_stack+0x18/0x1c show_stack de dump_stack_lvl+0x34/0x58 dump_stack_lvl de print_report+0x154/0x500 print_report de kasan_report+0xac/0xd8 kasan_report de wilc_netdev_cleanup+0x508/0x5cc wilc_netdev_cleanup de wilc_bus_remove+0xc8/0xec wilc_bus_remove de spi_remove+0x8c/0xac spi_remove de dispositivo_release_driver_internal+0x434/0x5f8 dispositivo_release_driver_internal de unbind_store+0xbc/0x108 unbind_store de kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x398/0x584 kernfs_fop_write_iter de vfs_write+0x728/0xf88 vfs_write de ksys_write+0x110/0x1e4 ksys_write de ret_fast_syscall+0x0/0 x1c [...] Asignado por la tarea 1: kasan_save_track+0x30/0x5c __kasan_kmalloc +0x8c/0x94 __kmalloc_node+0x1cc/0x3e4 kvmalloc_node+0x48/0x180 alloc_netdev_mqs+0x68/0x11dc alloc_etherdev_mqs+0x28/0x34 wilc_netdev_ifc_init+0x34/0x8ec wilc_cfg80211 _init+0x690/0x910 wilc_bus_probe+0xe0/0x4a0 spi_probe+0x158/0x1b0 Actually_probe+0x270/0xdf4 __driver_probe_device +0x1dc/0x580 driver_probe_device+0x60/0x140 __driver_attach+0x228/0x5d4 bus_for_each_dev+0x13c/0x1a8 bus_add_driver+0x2a0/0x608 driver_register+0x24c/0x578 do_one_initcall+0x180/0x310 kernel _init_freeable+0x424/0x484 kernel_init+0x20/0x148 ret_from_fork+0x14/0x28 Liberado por tarea 86: kasan_save_track+0x30/0x5c kasan_save_free_info+0x38/0x58 __kasan_slab_free+0xe4/0x140 kfree+0xb0/0x238 device_release+0xc0/0x2a8 kobject_put+0x1d4/0x46c netdev_run_todo+0x8fc/0x11 d0 wilc_netdev_cleanup+0x1e4/0x5cc wilc_bus_remove+0xc8/0xec spi_remove +0x8c/0xac dispositivo_release_driver_internal+0x434/0x5f8 unbind_store+0xbc/0x108 kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x398/0x584 vfs_write+0x728/0xf88 ksys_write+0x110/0x1e4 ret_fast_syscall+0x0/0x1c [...] • https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8399918f3056e1033f0f4c08eab437fb38d6f22d https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5956f4203b6cdd0755bbdd21b45f3933c7026208 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fe20e3d56bc911408fc3c27a17c59e9d7885f7d1 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a9545af2a533739ffb64d6c9a6fec6f13e2b505f https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3da9d32b7f4a1a9f7e4bb15bb82f2b2dd6719447 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/24228dcf1d30c2231caa332be7d3090ac59fbfe9 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/73a2aa0aef86c2c07be5a2f42c9e6047e1a2f7bb https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cb5942b77c05d54310a0420cac12935e9 •
CVSS: 6.0EPSS: 0%CPEs: 9EXPL: 0CVE-2024-26894 – ACPI: processor_idle: Fix memory leak in acpi_processor_power_exit()
https://notcve.org/view.php?id=CVE-2024-26894
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ACPI: processor_idle: Fix memory leak in acpi_processor_power_exit() After unregistering the CPU idle device, the memory associated with it is not freed, leading to a memory leak: unreferenced object 0xffff896282f6c000 (size 1024): comm "swapper/0", pid 1, jiffies 4294893170 hex dump (first 32 bytes): 00 00 00 00 0b 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ backtrace (crc 8836a742): [<ffffffff993495ed>] kmalloc_trace+0x29d/0x340 [<ffffffff9972f3b3>] acpi_processor_power_init+0xf3/0x1c0 [<ffffffff9972d263>] __acpi_processor_start+0xd3/0xf0 [<ffffffff9972d2bc>] acpi_processor_start+0x2c/0x50 [<ffffffff99805872>] really_probe+0xe2/0x480 [<ffffffff99805c98>] __driver_probe_device+0x78/0x160 [<ffffffff99805daf>] driver_probe_device+0x1f/0x90 [<ffffffff9980601e>] __driver_attach+0xce/0x1c0 [<ffffffff99803170>] bus_for_each_dev+0x70/0xc0 [<ffffffff99804822>] bus_add_driver+0x112/0x210 [<ffffffff99807245>] driver_register+0x55/0x100 [<ffffffff9aee4acb>] acpi_processor_driver_init+0x3b/0xc0 [<ffffffff990012d1>] do_one_initcall+0x41/0x300 [<ffffffff9ae7c4b0>] kernel_init_freeable+0x320/0x470 [<ffffffff99b231f6>] kernel_init+0x16/0x1b0 [<ffffffff99042e6d>] ret_from_fork+0x2d/0x50 Fix this by freeing the CPU idle device after unregistering it. En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: ACPI: procesador_idle: corrige la pérdida de memoria en acpi_processor_power_exit() Después de cancelar el registro del dispositivo de CPU inactivo, la memoria asociada con él no se libera, lo que genera una pérdida de memoria: objeto sin referencia 0xffff896282f6c000 (tamaño 1024): comunicación "swapper/0", pid 1, santiamén 4294893170 volcado hexadecimal (primeros 32 bytes): 00 00 00 00 0b 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........... ..... 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ retroceso (crc 8836a742): [] kmalloc_trace+ 0x29d/0x340 [] acpi_processor_power_init+0xf3/0x1c0 [] __acpi_processor_start+0xd3/0xf0 [] acpi_processor_start+0x2c/0x50 [] realmente_probe+0xe2/0x480 [] __driver_probe_device+ 0x78/0x160 [] driver_probe_device+0x1f/0x90 [] __driver_attach+0xce/0x1c0 [] bus_for_each_dev+0x70/0xc0 [] bus_add_driver+0x112/0x210 [] driver_register+ 0x55/0x100 [] acpi_processor_driver_init+0x3b/0xc0 [] do_one_initcall+0x41/0x300 [] kernel_init_freeable+0x320/0x470 [] kernel_init+0x16/0x1b0 [] ret_from_fork+ 0x2d/0x50 Solucione este problema liberando el dispositivo de CPU inactivo después de cancelar su registro. • https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3d339dcbb56d8d70c1b959aff87d74adc3a84eea https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d351bcadab6caa6d8ce7159ff4b77e2da35c09fa https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ea96bf3f80625cddba1391a87613356b1b45716d https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c2a30c81bf3cb9033fa9f5305baf7c377075e2e5 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1cbaf4c793b0808532f4e7b40bc4be7cec2c78f2 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fad9bcd4d754cc689c19dc04d2c44b82c1a5d6c8 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3d48e5be107429ff5d824e7f2a00d1b610d36fbc https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8d14a4d0afb49a5b8535d414c782bb334 • CWE-401: Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling •
CVSS: -EPSS: 0%CPEs: 5EXPL: 0CVE-2024-26893 – firmware: arm_scmi: Fix double free in SMC transport cleanup path
https://notcve.org/view.php?id=CVE-2024-26893
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: firmware: arm_scmi: Fix double free in SMC transport cleanup path When the generic SCMI code tears down a channel, it calls the chan_free callback function, defined by each transport. Since multiple protocols might share the same transport_info member, chan_free() might want to clean up the same member multiple times within the given SCMI transport implementation. In this case, it is SMC transport. This will lead to a NULL pointer dereference at the second time: | scmi_protocol scmi_dev.1: Enabled polling mode TX channel - prot_id:16 | arm-scmi firmware:scmi: SCMI Notifications - Core Enabled. | arm-scmi firmware:scmi: unable to communicate with SCMI | Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000000 | Mem abort info: | ESR = 0x0000000096000004 | EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits | SET = 0, FnV = 0 | EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 | FSC = 0x04: level 0 translation fault | Data abort info: | ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000004, ISS2 = 0x00000000 | CM = 0, WnR = 0, TnD = 0, TagAccess = 0 | GCS = 0, Overlay = 0, DirtyBit = 0, Xs = 0 | user pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000881ef8000 | [0000000000000000] pgd=0000000000000000, p4d=0000000000000000 | Internal error: Oops: 0000000096000004 [#1] PREEMPT SMP | Modules linked in: | CPU: 4 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 6.7.0-rc2-00124-g455ef3d016c9-dirty #793 | Hardware name: FVP Base RevC (DT) | pstate: 61400009 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO +DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) | pc : smc_chan_free+0x3c/0x6c | lr : smc_chan_free+0x3c/0x6c | Call trace: | smc_chan_free+0x3c/0x6c | idr_for_each+0x68/0xf8 | scmi_cleanup_channels.isra.0+0x2c/0x58 | scmi_probe+0x434/0x734 | platform_probe+0x68/0xd8 | really_probe+0x110/0x27c | __driver_probe_device+0x78/0x12c | driver_probe_device+0x3c/0x118 | __driver_attach+0x74/0x128 | bus_for_each_dev+0x78/0xe0 | driver_attach+0x24/0x30 | bus_add_driver+0xe4/0x1e8 | driver_register+0x60/0x128 | __platform_driver_register+0x28/0x34 | scmi_driver_init+0x84/0xc0 | do_one_initcall+0x78/0x33c | kernel_init_freeable+0x2b8/0x51c | kernel_init+0x24/0x130 | ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20 | Code: f0004701 910a0021 aa1403e5 97b91c70 (b9400280) | ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- Simply check for the struct pointer being NULL before trying to access its members, to avoid this situation. This was found when a transport doesn't really work (for instance no SMC service), the probe routines then tries to clean up, and triggers a crash. En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: firmware: arm_scmi: Corrección de doble liberación en la ruta de limpieza del transporte SMC Cuando el código SCMI genérico destruye un canal, llama a la función de devolución de llamada chan_free, definida por cada transporte. • https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1dc6558062dadfabd2fb3bd885fa6e92ec7196f2 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0d276d9f335f41d6524258d58c0c0241ef9a83a4 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/857f56db8c3a71f9871922b6984ff74ad588cb2c https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8ffaa17ccb1eb1b65cf85db63225a3581c303773 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ead445dd3d681020af333649a27306160eee761d https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f1d71576d2c9ec8fdb822173fa7f3de79475e9bd •
CVSS: -EPSS: 0%CPEs: 7EXPL: 0CVE-2024-26891 – iommu/vt-d: Don't issue ATS Invalidation request when device is disconnected
https://notcve.org/view.php?id=CVE-2024-26891
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu/vt-d: Don't issue ATS Invalidation request when device is disconnected For those endpoint devices connect to system via hotplug capable ports, users could request a hot reset to the device by flapping device's link through setting the slot's link control register, as pciehp_ist() DLLSC interrupt sequence response, pciehp will unload the device driver and then power it off. thus cause an IOMMU device-TLB invalidation (Intel VT-d spec, or ATS Invalidation in PCIe spec r6.1) request for non-existence target device to be sent and deadly loop to retry that request after ITE fault triggered in interrupt context. That would cause following continuous hard lockup warning and system hang [ 4211.433662] pcieport 0000:17:01.0: pciehp: Slot(108): Link Down [ 4211.433664] pcieport 0000:17:01.0: pciehp: Slot(108): Card not present [ 4223.822591] NMI watchdog: Watchdog detected hard LOCKUP on cpu 144 [ 4223.822622] CPU: 144 PID: 1422 Comm: irq/57-pciehp Kdump: loaded Tainted: G S OE kernel version xxxx [ 4223.822623] Hardware name: vendorname xxxx 666-106, BIOS 01.01.02.03.01 05/15/2023 [ 4223.822623] RIP: 0010:qi_submit_sync+0x2c0/0x490 [ 4223.822624] Code: 48 be 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 00 49 85 74 24 20 0f 95 c1 48 8b 57 10 83 c1 04 83 3c 1a 03 0f 84 a2 01 00 00 49 8b 04 24 8b 70 34 <40> f6 c6 1 0 74 17 49 8b 04 24 8b 80 80 00 00 00 89 c2 d3 fa 41 39 [ 4223.822624] RSP: 0018:ffffc4f074f0bbb8 EFLAGS: 00000093 [ 4223.822625] RAX: ffffc4f040059000 RBX: 0000000000000014 RCX: 0000000000000005 [ 4223.822625] RDX: ffff9f3841315800 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffff9f38401a8340 [ 4223.822625] RBP: ffff9f38401a8340 R08: ffffc4f074f0bc00 R09: 0000000000000000 [ 4223.822626] R10: 0000000000000010 R11: 0000000000000018 R12: ffff9f384005e200 [ 4223.822626] R13: 0000000000000004 R14: 0000000000000046 R15: 0000000000000004 [ 4223.822626] FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffffa237ae400000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [ 4223.822627] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ 4223.822627] CR2: 00007ffe86515d80 CR3: 000002fd3000a001 CR4: 0000000000770ee0 [ 4223.822627] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 [ 4223.822628] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe07f0 DR7: 0000000000000400 [ 4223.822628] PKRU: 55555554 [ 4223.822628] Call Trace: [ 4223.822628] qi_flush_dev_iotlb+0xb1/0xd0 [ 4223.822628] __dmar_remove_one_dev_info+0x224/0x250 [ 4223.822629] dmar_remove_one_dev_info+0x3e/0x50 [ 4223.822629] intel_iommu_release_device+0x1f/0x30 [ 4223.822629] iommu_release_device+0x33/0x60 [ 4223.822629] iommu_bus_notifier+0x7f/0x90 [ 4223.822630] blocking_notifier_call_chain+0x60/0x90 [ 4223.822630] device_del+0x2e5/0x420 [ 4223.822630] pci_remove_bus_device+0x70/0x110 [ 4223.822630] pciehp_unconfigure_device+0x7c/0x130 [ 4223.822631] pciehp_disable_slot+0x6b/0x100 [ 4223.822631] pciehp_handle_presence_or_link_change+0xd8/0x320 [ 4223.822631] pciehp_ist+0x176/0x180 [ 4223.822631] ? irq_finalize_oneshot.part.50+0x110/0x110 [ 4223.822632] irq_thread_fn+0x19/0x50 [ 4223.822632] irq_thread+0x104/0x190 [ 4223.822632] ? irq_forced_thread_fn+0x90/0x90 [ 4223.822632] ? irq_thread_check_affinity+0xe0/0xe0 [ 4223.822633] kthread+0x114/0x130 [ 4223.822633] ? __kthread_cancel_work+0x40/0x40 [ 4223.822633] ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30 [ 4223.822633] Kernel panic - not syncing: Hard LOCKUP [ 4223.822634] CPU: 144 PID: 1422 Comm: irq/57-pciehp Kdump: loaded Tainted: G S OE kernel version xxxx [ 4223.822634] Hardware name: vendorname xxxx 666-106, BIOS 01.01.02.03.01 05/15/2023 [ 4223.822634] Call Trace: [ 4223.822634] <NMI> [ 4223.822635] dump_stack+0x6d/0x88 [ 4223.822635] panic+0x101/0x2d0 [ 4223.822635] ? • https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6f7db75e1c469057fe7588ed959328ead771ccc7 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f873b85ec762c5a6abe94a7ddb31df5d3ba07d85 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d70f1c85113cd8c2aa8373f491ca5d1b22ec0554 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/34a7b30f56d30114bf4d436e4dc793afe326fbcf https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2b74b2a92e524d7c8dec8e02e95ecf18b667c062 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c04f2780919f20e2cc4846764221f5e802555868 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/025bc6b41e020aeb1e71f84ae3ffce945026de05 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4fc82cd907ac075648789cc3a00877778 •
CVSS: 5.5EPSS: 0%CPEs: 11EXPL: 0CVE-2024-26889 – Bluetooth: hci_core: Fix possible buffer overflow
https://notcve.org/view.php?id=CVE-2024-26889
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: hci_core: Fix possible buffer overflow struct hci_dev_info has a fixed size name[8] field so in the event that hdev->name is bigger than that strcpy would attempt to write past its size, so this fixes this problem by switching to use strscpy. En el kernel de Linux, se resolvió la siguiente vulnerabilidad: Bluetooth: hci_core: soluciona un posible desbordamiento del búfer struct hci_dev_info tiene un campo de nombre de tamaño fijo[8], por lo que en caso de que hdev->name sea mayor que strcpy intentaría escribir más allá su tamaño, por lo que esto soluciona este problema cambiando al uso de strscpy. • https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/194ab82c1ea187512ff2f822124bd05b63fc9f76 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b48595f5b1c6e81e06e164e7d2b7a30b1776161e https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ffb060b136dd75a033ced0fc0aed2882c02e8b56 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bbec1724519ecd9c468d1186a8f30b7567175bfb https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a55d53ad5c86aee3f6da50ee73626008997673fa https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dcda165706b9fbfd685898d46a6749d7d397e0c0 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d9ce7d438366431e5688be98d8680336ce0a0f8d https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5558f4312dca43cebfb9a1aab3d632be9 • CWE-120: Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow') •